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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

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HARPER’S

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NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

VOLUME L.

DECEMBER, 1874, TO MAY, 1875.

NEW YORK:

HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, 32 7 to 335 PEARL STREET,

VBAHKLIlf 8QUAB1

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1875.

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

CONTENTS OF VOLUME L

DECEMBER, 1874, TO MAT, 1875.

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V

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AFRICA. — See “Livingstone, David,” and “Ismailla” S. 8. Conan t 233, 544

AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS * William H. Brewer 8S0

ANCIENT CITY, THE Constance Fenimore Woolson 1, 165

I LI.CSTZATIONS.

Garden in St Augustine 1

Shooting Alligators on the St Johns 8

Entrance to St Augustine. 8

Plaza and Monument 4

The Basin 5

The Sabre-Boy •

St George Street 6

Treasury Street 7

The Sea-Wall, St Augustine 8

Old Fort San Marco 8

The Demi-Lune— Exterior 10

Coat of Arms 10

The Professor 11

Confederate Monument 18

Victoria Linkum 18

Aunt Viny 18

Africa 14

Horse-Railroad, St Augustine 18

Tomb on Fish Island 17

A deserted Plantation 18

Orange Walk 19

John and Iris 90

New Light-House, Anastasia Island. 91

Miss Sharp waiting for the Professor 99

Old Light-House, Anastasia Island 93

The old House Balcony 168 .

Uncle Jack 170

Uncle Jack's Cabin 170

A Florida Cart 174

The Suicide's Grave 178

A Pine-Barren. 177

Lou-ee-zy and Low-ii- sy 178

United States Barracks— a Dress Parade 180

Military Cemetery 181

Easter-even Serenade 184

The Look-out Tower 138

ANGEL OF THE TWILIGHT, THE (with Ons Illustration) Will Wallace Barney 305

ANGELO, MICHAEL Edward Howland 727

BALLAD OF BREAKNECK, THE Miss M . C. Pike CO

1LLUSTSATIONS.

“ Nekama will wait as thou hast said” 80 44 Take back to the Traitor his Gift again". 69

BEARS, THE STORY OF THE THREE From Southey's uThe Doctor ” 24G

With Five Illustrations.

BROAD RIVER, NORTH CAROLINA.— See "French Broad” 617

CARICATURE AMONG THE ANCIENTS James Parton 323

nxtJSTEATiona.

Pigmy Pugilists— from Pompeii 898

Chalk Caricature on a Wall in Pompeii 894

Battle between Pigmies and Geese 894

Vases with Pigmy Designs 898

A Pigmy Scene— from Pompeii 898

A Grasshopper driving a Chariot 896

From an antique Amethyst 896

From a red Jasper 896

Flight of ASneas from Troy 897

Caricature of the Flight of JSneas 897

A Roman comic Actor masked as Sllenus . . 898 Roman Masks, comic and tragic. 898

Roman Wall Caricature of a Christian 886

Burlesque of Jupiter's Wooing 881

Greek Caricature of the Oracle of Apollo. . . 881

An Egyptian Caricature. 888

A condemned Soul, Egyptian Caricature.... 883 Egyptian Servants conveying Home their

Masters from a Carouse 884

Too late with tne Basin * 884

The Hindu God Krishna on his Travels 888

Krishna's Attendants assuming the Form of

a Bird 886

Krishna in his Palanquin. 887

CARICATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGE8

James Parton 474

I (.LUSTRATIONS.

Capital In the Autun Cathedral 476

Capitals in the Strasbnrg Cathedral, a. n. 1800 476 Engraved upon a Stall in Shertorue Minster 476

From a MS. of the 18th Century 476

From a MS. Mass-Book of the 14th Century. 477 From a French Prayer-Book. 18th Century. 477 From Queen Mary's Prayer-Book, a.il 1668. 478 Gog and Magog, the Giants in the Guildhall

of London 460

Head of the Great Dragon of Norwich 481

Souls weighed in the Balance 481

Lost Souls cast Into Hell 489

Devils seizing their Prey 469

The Temptation 488

French Death-Crier 464

Death and the Cripple 484

Death and the Old Man 486

Death and the Peddler 488

Death and the Knight 488

Heaven sod Earth weighed in the Balance. . 486 English Caricature of an Irishman, a.d. 1980. 487 Caricature of the Jews In England, a.d. 1938. 488

CARICATURE IN T1IE PURITAN PERIOD.

James Parton 80S

ILLUSTRATIONS.

The Papal Gorgon, 1881 806

Spayne and Rome defeated 808

From the Title-Page to a Sermon 810

44 Let not the World devlde," etc. 811

44 England's Wolfe with Eagle's Clawes". . . . 818 Charles 1L and the Scotch Presbyterians ... 818 Bbrove-TIde in Arms against Lent 816

Lent tilting st Shrove-Tide 816

The Queen of James IL and Father Petrs . . 816

A Quaker Meeting, 1710..... 818

Corpulent General Galas 818

Archbishop of Paris 818

Archbishop of Rheims 818

Louis XIVT , by Thackeray 888

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iv

CONTENTS.

CARICATURES OF THE REFORMATION James Parian 637

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Lather Inspired by Satan 687

The Devil fiddling 687

Oldest Drawing in the British Museum 688

Bishop s Seal 689

Pastor and Flock— Window-Piece 641

Confessing to God 649

Sale of Indulgences 649

Christ, the true Light 643

Papa, Doctor Themogto et Magister Fidei. . 644

The Pope cast Into Hell 645

44 The Beam that is in thine own Rye” 645

Luther triumphant 646

The Triumph of Riches. 647

Calvin branded 648

Calvin at the burning of Servetus 649

Calvin, Luther, and the Pope. 660

Titian’s Caricature of the Laocoon 659

CENTENNIAL PAPERS.— See “ First Century of the Republic” 67, 212, 371, 518, 702, 880

CHARACTER MASK, A JusHn MCarthy 92

CHARMING WOMAN, A John G. Saxe 488

CHILDREN’S NIGHT, THE Zadel Barnes Buddington 153

ILLUSTRATIONS.

44 Tell me, Cinderella” 153

14 For then my blessed Children” : 154

44 When out of the Pail she saw them leap”. 165

44 1 heard two soft little Voices call” . * 156

44 Into the Palace Parlor they stepped” 157

44 She waved her Wand” 158

The Shadow Dance. 159

44 All In the rosy-red Morning Hours” 161

“And toward them rushing, with bristling

Mane, came a hungry Lion” 169

44 God bless our Hans Christian Andersen !”. 163 Tail-Piece 164

CHURCHES, NEW ENGLAND, GENESIS OF Eugene Lawrence 124

CLINTON, DE WITT, AS A POLITICIAN John Bigelow 409, 563

CONCORD FIGHT, THE Fi'ederic Hudson 777

ILLUSTRATIONS.

The Minn te-Man 777

Fac-Simile of Emerson’s Poem 778

Old Monument, Lee’s Hill in the Background 779

The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere 781

Fac-Simile of a Portion of Longfellow’s Poem 781

Ebenezer Dorr 782

“The Regulars are coming!” 783

Map of Lexington Fight 784

The Lexington Massacre 785

Wright’s Tavern 786

The old Pine-tree Flag 786

44 Let us stand our Ground” 787

The Provincials on Punkatasset 788

The British Troops on Concord Common . . 789

Major Buttrick's House 790

Residence of Colonel Barrett 791

Ebenezer Hubbard’s House 799

Jones's Tavern 793

Major Pitcairn stirring his Brandy 793

Map illustrating the Concord Fight 796

The rude Bridge. 797

8word captured at Concord 798

Old Jail 798

Halt of Troops near Elisha Jones’s House. . 799

Merriam’s Comer, Lexington Road 800

Sign— Brooks Tavern 801

Grave of Colonel John But trick 803

44 Burning Bush”— the two Monuments 804

CRY FROM THE SHORE, A.. Kelly M . Hutchinson 200

DECORATIVE ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND.— IH if. D. Conway 35

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Head-Piece. William Morris Moulding over Dado. Chippendale Mahogany Moulding, Bellevue House.	85 86 87	Drawing-Room in Townsend House Grate of One Hundred Years ago Grate made for Baron Rothschild Boyd’s Grate	... 41 ... 42 ... 43 ... 44
87	Lb Alma Tadema.	... 46
Drawing-Room of Bellevue House. Library In Bellevue House	88 89	Candelabra, Townsend House. Tail-Piece	... 47 ... 49

DIFFERENCE, THE

EDITORS DRAWER

Drawer for December.’. 148

Drawer for January 299

Drawer for February *452

EDITOR’S EASY CHAIR

Chair for December 131

Chair for January 281

Chair for February 441

EDITOR’S HISTORICAL RECORD.

Unitkd Status.— Congress : Opening of final Ses- sion of Forty-third Congress, 456 ; President’s Mes- sage and Department Reports, 449*; Postmaster- General Jewell confirmed, 456 ; 44 Little Tariff Bill,” 456, 610, 769, 928; Finance, 456; The 8herman Re- sumption Bill, 456, 610; Appropriations, 456, 610, 769 ; Postal Telegraph, 456 : Postage Increased, 998 ; Franking Restored, 998; Civil Rights, 456, 770, 993; Black Hills, 466; Duties on Tea and Coffee, 456; Grasshopper Plagne, 456; Geneva Award, 456; South- ern War Claims, 449* ; Freedman’s Bank, 449* ; Elec- tion of President and Vice-President by direct Vote, 449*; Freight Railroad to the West, 449*; Recess, 449* : President’s Vicksburg Proclamation, 451* ; Ex- pulsion of Representative Cannon, 610; Louisiana Difficulty, 610, 770, 923; Civil Service, 998; Treaties Ratified, 923; Admission of Colorado, 998; Force Bill, 928 ; New Senators, 611, 770 ; Mississippi River Improvement, 769; Arkansas Difficulty. 770, 923; Canada Reciprocity Treaty, 770 ; New Rule adopt-

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.Elizabeth Stoddard 322 Miss H. R. Hudson 592

Drawer for March 612

Drawer for April 771

Drawer for May 924

Chair for March 593

Chair for April 753

Chair for May 907

ed bv House, 770 ; Extra Session of Senate called,

770, 998 ; Adjournment of Congress, 923. State Con- ventions, 147, 611, 770. Convention from Recon- structed States, 147. Elections in seven States, 147 ; in twenty-three States, 997. New Hampshire Elec- tion, 923. New York State Constitutional Amend- ments adopted, 997. Lincoln Monument, Spring- field, unveiled, 147. Grangers’ Statistics, 451*. King Kalakaua’s Visit to the United States, 451*. Immi- grant Statistics, 611.

Europe, Asia, ani> Africa.— France : French Elec- tions, 147 ; Statistics of French Elections, 147 ; Presi- dent M'Mahon’s Message, 451*, 611 ; The Ventavon Bill, 770; New Senatorial Bill, 770, 923: New Cab- inet, 923. England : English Elections— Bradlangh’s defeat, 147 ; Disraeli elected Rector of Glasgow Uni- versity, 298: Feejee Islands annexed, 147: Parlia- ment opened, 770; Marquis of Hartlngton chosen as Liberal leader, 770 ; John Mitchel elected to Parlia- ment, 770, 923. Germany : Count von Arnim'a Ar-

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

CONTENTS.

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Editor's Historical Record — Continued* rest and Conviction, 14T ; Sentence, 461* ; Opening of the Reichstag, 298 ; Parliament on Arrests of Dep- uties, 451*; Government of Alsace and Lorraine, 996; Trial and Conviction of Kallmann, 298; Emi- gration, 770; Ecclesiastical Bill, 928. Spain: Carllst Defeats, 147 ; Siege of Inin, 298; Alfonso Xll. pro- claimed King, GU ; Vlrginius Difficulty, 923. Switz- erland and Italy Boundary Dispute, 147. Italian Par- liament opened, 451*. Turkish Outrages against Christians, 298. Compulsory Education in Russia, 298. Chiua and Japan Difficulty about Formosa, 298. Argentine Rebellion, 147.

Disasters: 147, 298, 451, 611; Typhoon at Hong- Kong, 298 ; Burning of the Cospatrick, 611 ; St An- drews Church, 923 : Loss of the Gothenburg. 923.

Obituary : Rev. Henry W. Lee, 147 ; Rev. Thomas M. Eddy, 147 ; Commander Austin Pendergrast, 298 ; Commodore William Inman, 298; Right Rev. Dr. Payne, 298; Daniel H. Haskell, 298; Uoloncl Will- iam Wilson, 298; John H. Anthon, 298: William H. Rinehart, 298 ; John Laird, M.P., 298 ; Thomas Mil-

ler, 298 ; Tom Hood, 298 ; General Leslie, 451* ; 8. 43. Campbell, 451*; Jonathan Sturgcs, 451*; Hon. J. M. Read, 451* ; Mayor Havemeyer, 451* ; Judge E. P. Cowles, 451*; Hon. Dudley 8. Gregory, 451*; Ezra Cornell, 451* ; lion. J. B. Rice, 451* ; Commander W. B. Cashing, U.8.N., 451*; Jefferson Rives, 451* ; James Gall, 451* ; M. Taschereau, 451* ; Sir Joshua Rowe, 451*; James Walker, D.D., 611 ; Hon. Alvah Crocker. 611 ; Hon. Gerrit Smith, 611 ; General Mor-

{;an L. Smith, 611 ; Ex-Governor Thomas E. Bram- ette, 611; William H. Aspinwall, 611; Baron R. C. G. Wappers, 611 ; Joaquin Baldomero Espartero, 611 ; Ledru Rollin, 611 ; Mrs. J. L. Motley, 611; Rev. G. F. Trask, 770 ; Bx-Govemor W. A. Buckingham, 770; Joseph O. Eaton, 770; Brigadier-GeneralWill- iam Hays, 770; Congressman Samuel Hooper, 770; Rear-Admiral Charles II. Bell, 770; Toung-tchi, Em- peror of China. 770 : Jean Francois Millet, 770 ; Rev. Charles Kingsley, 770; General Lorenzo Thomas, 923 ; William J. Hays, 923 ; Sir Charles Lyell, 923 ; Sir Arthur Helps, 923 ; Claude Louis Mathieu, 923.

EDITOR'S LITERARY RECORD.

MacGahan’s Campaigning on the Oxns, 136. Dor- othy Wordsworth’s Recollections of a Tour made in Scotland, 187. Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, 187. Parton’s Life of Thomas Jefferson, 137. Ba- con’s Genesis of the New England Churches, 138. Miss Johnson’s A Sack of Gold, 138. Miss Craik’s Sylvia’s Choice, 139. Holden with the Cords, 139. Mrs. OHphant’s Squire Arden, 189. Roeto The Open- ing of a Chestnut Burr, 139. Miss Trafton’s Kath- erine Earl, 140. D. R. Caatieton’s Salem, 140. The Douglass Series: Latin Hymns. 140. Studies after Raphael, 286. Toschl’s Engravings, 286.— Lienard’s Specimens of the Decoration and Ornamentation of the Nineteenth Century, 286. Blake’s Illustrations of the Book of Job, 287. Hoppln’s On the Nile, 287. Wolfs Wild Animals, 287. Scott’s Pictnres by Ve- netian Painters, 287. Pictures by Sir Edwin Land- seer, 288. The Stately Homes of England, 288. Mrs. Hawthorne’s Notes in England and Italy, 288. Leaves from a Summer Sketch-Book, 288. Christ in Art, 288. Picture PoesJes, 288. Longfellow’s The Hang- ing of the Crane, 288. Vers de 8ociet6, 288. Bry- ant’s Among the Trees, 288. Alllbone’s Dictionary of Poetical Quotations. 289. Holmes’s Songs of Many Seasons. 289. Holland’s The Mistress of the Manse, 289. Quiet Hours, 289. The Garland of the Tear. 289. The Changed Cross, 289. Miss Mulock’s The Little Lame Prince and his Traveling Cloak, 289. Miscellaneous Illustrated Books for Children, 289. The Myths of the Rhine, 290. Marcoy’s Travels in South America, 290. Bates’s Naturalist on the Amazon. 290. The Western World, 290. Nast’s Il- lustrated Almanac, 290. Architecture for General Students, 290. The Story of a House, 290. Homes, and how to make them, 290. Nursery Noonings, 29a Taylor’s David, King of Israel, 290. Prime’s Life of Samuel Morse, 445. Helps’s Life and Labors

EDITOR’S SCIENTIFIC RECORD.

Astronomy, 140, 291, 449, 602, 762, 916. Acoustics, 141. Heat, 141. Meteorology, 149, 291, 450, 768. Mineralogy, 142, 292, 762, 919. Geology, 292, 604. Geography, 142, 293, 450, 604, 764. Zoology, 143, 294, 422, 605, 766, 920. Ethnology, 144. 451, 604, 760, 919. Botany, 145, 295, 606, 767. Agriculture, 145. 453, 607, 92L Curing Oroup with Bromine, 297. Engineering,

of Mr. Brassey, 445. NordhotTs Politics for Toung Americans, 445. Myers’s Remains of Lost Empires, 446. Mill’s System of Logic, and Three Essays on Religion, 446. Faneon’s Jessie Trim, 447. M‘Cosh’s Scottish Philosophy, 448. Briefer Notices, 448. Hardy’s Far from the Madding Crowd. 598. Black- more’s Loma Doone, 59a Old Myddelton’s Money, 59a Farjeon’s The Sign of the Silver Flagon, 69a Howells’8 A Forgone Conclusion, 59a Love that Lived, 59a Ailecn Ferrers, 699. Collins’s After Dark, and Other Stories, 599. Dress Reform, 599. The Ugly Girl Papers, 599. For Better or Worse, 599. Bazar Book of the Household, 599. Poe’s Works, 600. Thalheimcr’s Manuals of Ancient and Medieval .History, 600. Epochs of History, 600. Dlctionair of Religious Kuowledge. 600. Hiibner’s Ramble Round the World, 601. Briefer Notices, 601. The Last Journals of David Livingstone, 758. Smith’s Assyrian Discoveries, 76a Dr. Lieber’s Civil Liberty, etc., edited by Dr. Woolsey, 769. Schuckers’s Life of Chief Justice Chase, 769. Put- nam’s Singers and Songs of the Liberal Faith, 759. Beecher’s Yale Lectures on Preaching, 760. Mrs. Prentiss’s Urbane and his Friends. 760. Hide’s Our New Crusade. 760. Goodwin's Christ and Hu- manity, 760. Collins’s The Law and the Lady, 761. Miss Braddon’s A Strange World, 761. Thomson’s The Straits of Malacca. Indo-China, and China, 761. Dr. Draper’s History of the Conflict between Relig- ion and Science, 76*1 Gladstone's Vatican Decrees, 912. Higginson’s Young Folk’s History of the Unit- ed 8tates, 914. Mies Mulock s Songs of Yontb, 914 Adams’s Democracy and Monarchy in France, 915. A Rambling Stonr, 915. Mrs. Ollpnant’s Story of Valentine ana his Brother, 915. 8afe)y Married, 915. Mistress Judith, 915. Hope Meredith, 915.

146, 296, 454, 608, 767, 921. Therapeutics, 146, 456. Technology. 297. 455, 609, 769, 922. Microscopy, 293, 451, 920. Fish-Culture, 454 607, 766. Patents. 455. Domestic Economy, 45& Physics, 91 T. Chemistry, 918. Ornithology, 92L Necrology, 146, 297, 456, 610, 769.

ELECTRA Ellis Gray 402

EMPIRES, REMAINS OF LOST.— See “Remains of Lost Empires” 489

EVANESCENCE Harriet Prescott Spofford 421

FAWCETT, PROFESSOR (with Portraits of Professor and Mrs . Fawcett). ..M. D. Conway 352 FIRST CENTURY OF THE REPUBLIC.— See “ Mechanical Progress,” anufac-

ture, Progress in,” “ Printing,” and “ Agricultural Progress”. . . 67, 212, 371, 518, 702, 880

FOLLOWER, THE Richard Henry Stoddard 636

FRENCH BROAD, THE ....Constance Fenimore Woolson 617

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Summer Sleighing in Western North Caro-

lina. 617

Hawk's Bill Mountain 618

View from Top of Black Mountain 619

Eagle Hotel, Ashville, North Carolina 620

“ A regular Menagerie” 621

Three Members of the Jury 622

Rhododendrons 623

The French Broad, below Ashville 624

A Mon n tain Wagon 626

M Wildly beautiful” 631

North Carolina Indians 632

Cascade near Warm Springs, North Carolina 633

Warm Springs Hotel— Arrival of Stage 633

View from the Top of Paint Rock 634

Last Glimpse of the French Broad 635

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VI

CONTENTS,

FRENCH INSTITUTE AND ACADEMIES, THE George M. Towle 337

Institute of France. . Portrait of A. Thiers

Due d’Aumale

M. £miie Ollivicr....

ILLUSTRATIONS.

. 838 Jules Favre 848

. 841 Antoine Pierre Berryer 848

. 843 Comte de Mont&lembert 844

. 843 M. Littr6 845

GALA NIGHT IN RUSSIA, A Thomas W. Knox 265

GENESIS OF THE NEW ENGLAND CHURCHES Eugene Lawrence 124

HUMOR, AMERICAN Hon. S. S. Cox 690, 847

ILLUSTRATIONS.

“ Laughed himself to Death”. . .

Jolly Darky

John Bull and Johnny Crapaud

Two Readers of 44 Harper”

Heavy and sour.....

Light and jolly

Dutch Type

Serious and canny

American fast eating

Arabs at Table

A Chinese Cram

American Salutation

German Salutation

Tartar Invitation to 44 smile” . . .

600

091

<93

603 608 608 098 094

604

604

605 695 695 605

Esquimau Salutation

Irish Good Humor.

44 And gaze at the World ’twixt the Toes of

his Boots”

Funny Paragraph Man

Artemus Ward and his Betsy Jane

The Heathen Chinee

Mark Twain at the Tomb of Adam

Wouldn’t be named Obadiah

44 Go up, Baldhead 1”

Church Music

44 Go on with the Funeral”

The great American Showman

Tail-Piece

690

698

701

847

848 649

849 851 851 859 856 856

850

ICEBERG, LITTLE.. ISLE OF MAN, THE

Castle Rushen. 457

Manx Arms 458

Ballagl&ss Water-Fall 458

Ball u re Bridge 450

Entrance to Douglas Harbor 460

Douglas, Isle of Man 461

Manx Oysterman 409

Kirk Bradd&n 408

Exterior of a Manx Cottage 464

Good-Afternoon, Gentlemen. 464

Kate Putnam Osgood 417 William JET. Bideing 457

Runic Stones, Kirk Braddan 465

St. Trinion’s Church. 467

Tinwald Hill and St. John’s Church. 468

Peel Castle and Town 460

Fisherman’s Daughter 470

Peel Castle 4T1

Bradda Head. Port Erin 471

Glen Maye Water-Fall 473

Sugar-loaf Hock, near the Calf of Man. 478

Manx Cat .* 473

ILLUSTRATIONS.

ISMAILIA

S. 8. Conant 233

ILLUSTRATIONS.

A Night Attack 388

Camel Transport of Steamers and Machinery 384

The Forty Thieves 386

Departure from Khartoum 887

Crocodile mobbed in the Sudd. 389

Dragging a Steamer through the Sudd 340

A Hippopotamus kills the blind Sheik 341

Night Attack on the Camp 344

IsmailTa 845

JUDGE’S DAUGHTER, THE

KATY

KAUFFMAN, ANGELICA

Portrait

44 Mother and Child” “The Toilet”

Virginia W. Johnson 860

, Sara L. Burten 889

Cornelia Howland 654

ILLUSTRATIONS.

654 44 BHndman’s-BnfP 650

655 44 The Sketcher” '. 661

657

LATMOS, SUNRISE ON ( with One Illustration) Titus M. Coan 653

LIKE A CHILD Louise Chandler Moulton 753

LION IN THE WAY, A Harriet Prescott Spofford 722

LITTLE ICEBERG : Kate Putnam Osgood 417

LIVINGSTONE, DAVID, LAST JOURNALS OF 8.8. Conant 544

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Portrait 544 Fording a swollen River

Slavers revenging their Losses 645 The last Mile of Livingstone’s Travels,

Chnms and Snsl 546 Evening— Ilala

Killing Sokos 547 Village where the Body was prepared.

549

660

651

553

LOHENGRIN, A MODERN Virginia W. Johnson 249

LONGING Anna C. Brackett 440

LOST EMPIRES, REMAINS OF. — See “ Remains of Lost Empires” 489

LOVE’S IMAGINATION Nelly M. Hutchinson 232

LOWLANDS, WONDERS OF THE L. J. Du Pri 346

MAGASS, THE OUTLAW OF THE CARPATHIANS Translated by C. C. Shackferd 571

MANUFACTURE, PROGRESS IN. — See “ First Century of the Republic” 702

MAN WHO WAS LIKE 8HAKSPEARE, THE William Black 273

MECHANICAL PROGRESS Edward H. Knight 67, 212, 371, 518

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Patent-Office, Washington 67

Newcomen’s Steam-Engine. 68

Watt’s doable-acting Steam-Engine, 1760. . . 69

Rnde modern Plows, 71

The Origin of the Hoe and the Plow 71

American Plow of 1776 73

Plows, 1785-1874 79

Howard Wheel-Plow 73

Fowler’s Steam^ow 78

Reaping in Gaul, 1st to 4th Century a.il 74

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CONTENTS.

Tii

Mechanic! al Peoosem — Continued.

Gladstone’s Reaper, England, 1806 74

Bell's Reaper, England, 1826. 70

M Champion” self-raking Reaper 75

Ifelkle'B Thresher, 1786 76

American Threshing Machine 76

English Threshing Machine 77

8!ngle-acting Cornish Pumping Engine 73

Symington’s Steamboat, “Charlotte Dun-

das” 79

Fnlton’s Steamboat, “ Clermont,” 1807 79

Bell’s Steamboat, •• Comet,” 1812 80

8crew Steam-Ship “ City of Peking” 80

Trevethick and Vivian’s Locomotive, 1806. . . 81

Evans’s Locomotive 82

Blenkinsop’s Locomotive, 1811 82

Bedloy’s Locomotive, 1818. 83

Dodd’s and Stephenson's Locomotive, 181& . 83

Stephenson’s Locomotive, 1829 84

English Locomotives 84

American Locomotive (two views) 85

Whitney’s Cotton-Gin 86

Spinning- Wheel 87

Hargreaves’s Splnn ing-Jen n v. 88

Arkwright’s Spinning Machine 89

Male Spinner. 90

Crompton’s Fancy Loom 91

Iron Furnace of the Kols, Hlndostan 212

Modern Blast-Furnace. 214

Puddling Furnace 214

Danks’s Mechanical Puddler 215

Rolling-Mill for Iron Bars 215

Nasmyth's double-frame Steam-Hammer. . . . 216

Bessemer Plant 217

Perklna’a Transferring Press and Roller Die. 220 Whitworth’s Millionth Measuring Qange... 221

Caisson at Copenhagen 223

Caisson of the East River Bridge, New York. 223

Floating Derrick, New York 224

Floating Dock 44 Bermuda” 225

Perronet’s Chain-Pumps, France 225

Current Water-Wheel, London Bridge, 1781. 226 Heading of the Excavation, Hallett’s Point

Reef. East River, New York 227

Iron Arch Bridges 227

The Illinois and St Louis Bridge 228

Iron Truss and Lattice Bridges 229

Portable Circular Saw 280

Baud Saw 281

Moulding-Machine 281

General Wood-Worker 282

Blanchard’s Spoke Lathe 282

Singer Sewing-Machine 878

Lamb’s Knitting-Machine 874

Taylor’s Machine Gun. 876

Morse Apparatus, Circuit and Battery 879

Morse Key 879

Morse Register. 879

Duplex Telegraph 879

Electroplating. 879

Electric Light 880

Steam Fire-Engine, “ Washington, No. 1”. . s81

Diagram of Gas-Works. 884

8tetefeldt’s Roasting Famace 884

Carre’s Apparatus for Ice-making 885

Modem Sugar Process. 886

Centrifugal Filter 886

Glasa-minring in Egypt 886

Successive Stages of Cylinder Glass 887

Pulping Engine 888

The Barograph 889

Condell’s Artificial Arm 890

tian and Cuneiform, Ideographic and

yllablc Characters. 519

Phonetic Languages of Asia 620

Phoenician and Egyptian Writing 620

Bruce’s Type-casting Machine 623

Casting Pan 625

Stereotyping— Plaster Process 525

Moulding Press— Clay Process 626

Beating-Table— Papier Mach£ Process 626

Stereotype Mould-drying Press— Paper Proc- ess 626

Black-Leading Machine 627

Electrotyping Press 627

Electrotyping Bath and Battery 627

Benjamin Franklin’s Press 628

Lord Stanhope’s Press 628

“ Columbian” Press 628

“ Washington” Press 628

Principles of Action of Power-Presses 629

Adams Press 630

Campbell’s Single-cylinder Press 681

Gordon Job Press 681

Walter’s Perfecting Press 632

Bollock Perfecting Press 632

“ Victory” Perfecting Press and Folding Ma- chine 533

“ Hoe” Web Perfecting Press 633

Chambers’s Folding Machine 584

Addressing Machine 585

Lithographing Hand-Press 586

Hoe’s Lithographic Printing-Machine 687

Bellows Camera 689

Enlarging Solar Camera 639

Stereoscopic Camera 540

Osborne’s Copying Camera and Table 541

Woodward’s Mlcro-Pbotographtc Apparatus 648 The Lord’s Prayer 648

Anne Thackeray 425, 578, 742, 893 Lyman Abbott 392

MISS ANGEL

MISSIONS, CHRISTIAN

With Maps of Turkey, India, China, Japan, and South Africa.

MODERN LOHENGRIN, A Urginia W. Johnson 249

MONT ST. MICHEL .........*7. D. Champlin, Jun. 515

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Mont St Michel 616 Fete du Mont St Michel— the Torch-light

Arrival of Pilgrims 516 Procession 617

MOUNDS ENT THE WESTERN STATES.— See “Wonders of the Lowlands" 340

NEW ENGLAND CHURCHES, GENESIS OF THE Eugene Lawrence 124

“NOBODY BUT JANE ROSSITUR” Fannie Hodgson Burnett 873

NORTH CAROLINA.— See “ French Broad" 617

“ON THE CIRCUIT" Fannie Hodgson Burnett 105

PINE-BARRENS Constance Fenimore Woolson 66

PRENTICE, GEORGE D. (with a Portrait) Junius Henri Browne 193

PRINTING. — See “ Mechanical Progress" 518

PSYCHE J late Hillard 846

RAPE OF THE GAMP Q&XS £.C. Welsh Mason 53, 201, 356, 501, 662, 821

ILLUSTRATIONS.

“This noble Fern was procured at no alight

Cost” 6*

“ I was in the Church-Yard, and I saw them” 208 “She says that Bedford Lyte never ran

away* 211

“Mr. Bedford shook him again”. 869

“ 4 Water !T she heard Mr. Lane gasp” 867

“Care kills a Cat” 606

44 Standing over the dead Body,” etc. 513

Third Mate of the “ Adriatic” 662

44 Far-off Cousins in the Coffee-Room”. 664

“Oars came splashing np” 821

44 1 should blush to step on English Ground” 824

Digitized by

REFORMATION, CARICATURES OF THE.— See “Caricature" 637

RELIGION AND DOCTRINE John Hay 837

2

Go i igle

Original ■

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

vi,U.

CONTENTS-

REMAINS OF LOST EMPIRES . . 4 i . 4* *. »V< ;<« f« *»» *• « Zateraice 489

•' ',V'' J \ ' F ^ : - ■ 'l ^ ‘ . ^ ^ *‘ ^ t - ‘ - '

llnla* of &$tm& ....... ... *89 Rmu« or Peraopota ♦ • j ^ . « 4«t

.'Delng* Tablet 19V Propylamm of Xerxt& u. .-. .. . . ...... 496

‘ A t .m it.i r» f Dnnlii Pw r*AoVi#r.i

. *W Taj Mahal .. ..

49t

499

..... m

Babylonian Lion. ..«' * y • . * 4 t.» * 1<f * * i *

REPUBLICAN MOVEMENT IN EUROPE, TI<E Emilio Ckuirter 97, 2w. m,##!

REPUBLIC, FIRST CENTURY OF TUB ...67, 212, 371, 518,702;^)

REVOLUTIONARY WAR. --Sea Comumi Eight” f 777

tilVALS, TiiE kkHU itnr. flUintralion) Richard Ilttuty Stoddard 186

• '%r\ 1 r* *<1‘( i .• f . V « /».*. ■ i ; . t.i «.y'. »►, »> , « . -I. «\ . ^ ^.V-Vi\,V . ^ ' \$jf , X+ffl*’.) $ ^-' * 4

• ■■ : {INI.! A EOiU V •_.•■••• - < .,-. l.-,: .... i, f,V:

s V Mi»/flEL. MuNT ~S* Aliclt. r BIS

4ffl$ is iN Mmt, int.:.-.. : ... . . : L;L:, ,-y • ■ -. iron #i> sas

i v. i :, , , . : . • «f? i B <#?

J . i'T/lie/UK-. WHCWlVLt .' . . . 9L{)

Sit

24(i

* - • * S ■** r -f » !> * * l *. • • • 1 -i... I'Wu* JL (Kl

.Mr. •- •«.*'..

■ Waiiam M. Baker 111

SUNRISE ON L&mm

1 iifitxmj 16 iilin, u kJf|di^;fi0tU^

SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST, THE,... jnWam M.

TRANSIT' OF VENUS, THE COttlNU &i« .» Veu'tw, The coming Transit M ” 25

TRUE FITNESS ..... . . . .; . • • - • |ti • • ,.*,MlU',M'i,0.l.i. I. ..... * . i ..... . 370

FPV*V O SKETCHES,. , » . , * v« • •« ,&.uth TJuTia ,IM7

; * ”• /,* , ^ , t,,‘- [' u ; \ ■

“She put onfc hoc XlAiitf, and h& g#*v i\i a “Is my Stertady b«nr?.^«.eu .w 192

..

[:nt)Kr the robe • v .,.4.,., i. i > (> -i -fFill Wtillart Harney

I'NDEK the stars • •**»« • • ■* ’• V % +\ d * i 4 ii *'pi V'#. 1, a *.* «#*-

WW Willlare Harney 741 ^ . «JKMy Sf. Hui/Jiinacm &2U

T^ledcopc ttntf jPiiutogftfl|ihif; Aj>pani Crt» S8

C? . <T < < •»• • • >< «,'» >«••>••••• «4*4 « »f>i •

VEXES, THE COMlN'ft TRA?}«iT OF .25

...•'; • •• V • • V ; • • .ttXCaTOAYlOKBL

Apparent Pitta cst Vftfuti ; 96 Arttficlal fteprt£ent*iti<ro of the Tmieit . . 82

> ; —

Map ntio vying. Areas pi ViaStHllty . K . « , 39

Defldot tbeAviHUJl.

Hive tfi iHe old Tiber

NtsgTwa t« Wcwthiu^toii

*. A** Vi'S *’ *3 * *•

Frederick HougUw .

Pptowfte and CmiflJ, Geor^town

• y*r* »> <<•*■+>

Hx-Qovvrwbt JiUiepIierd’a Kow. . . ,

ItocK Creek, Conduit Brltige. . ...

WIDOW CASE, THE ............

WO MAN'S CHOICE, A... .. . ..A . . . ... , ...

WONDERS OF THE LCOVLjVND.S

s lj. rsniA n b.

Mon«iCBKU»if-nvV?lpe..,i,ew. B4T The Idol.

WafiriofVi Talnt-Bcii: . v . . , , •»-. Wi V«»jtePi from the Mounds , , M 0

Mr»?tar toitnrt hr rv Mound . . .. . ... 349 TheMoutuls E&ut o£ Little JRocfe, ArkanBa^/Kfii M<^iih4‘i^d^dci^8, ' W'dtwr-LV^ii^r© 349

..♦..--.,,4 .....G&Jrge Alfred Tomtucnd 308

* . ' ‘ v'/;.

306 New Kssldericib of Sciiator Stcwtrt . . SIT

She The WcuhltiELm ClntvHmifc*; S17

Bu9 fW-Tr^titr* /.• 81®

erM . . .. 510 &mt£WKi CdpitoV &XH • S19

sis vPmt&liri%n«m wa : 320

^ . SV4 Viiw Ktm frUnNOteuin, <>4k 21111, , . » Vwv* ; . 320 81l»* Chapid, £mtWisr$, - v? , . . .V.. , , . . , 821

316 0/ iitotop ^ud Ijfeiio 32«

v »,/ . . .... siV . xiimf 2ft Wjf Cooke m;

^ ; Atr*. Frank McCarthy 558

...i. j. Tht

• »■> v* » «» »'>»* * »

OR KO» (Oae Hlwtmtten) ...

Vi

Go gle

' •'•*• -/ • .* Drfgif«'[infrm:'; x - '*

•UNlVERStTV OF MICHIGAN

C

Digitized by

Gck igle

Original from

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

IfAKPEKS KEW MOiTHit MAGAZlVE

bauhv frwfyijig A;*f!y ih February entered hair di*ptw*ed hi c*ajo ■ eaeii shh.i

the broad ftr-.jidtri*, *?li«*at» c<)tiwM^ol«u-* 1 of her fa (if, a shndovry f? tHc* ftgqre. imiis- *$V tfo|#ic2al tide, ulniosf atooe among riv era, ifrteT a cvuuplexion f liut ttirbiMJ

ifena .S^P jwil» Jot W&Ay its entire cotim flip Nyy-

jf»t> fmif loindj-e il rnitfH, » peculiarjfy <**■- to the ijiu^yrja;pjieyr alio im-

prised m it# original name, given by the jntJi^ t *b p 4^1 Ujn? tying do\fn<&£ Hda-kw^-^U hath it# own .way,, is Im’s little toriiwl hat, and then., with her to oVoiy other,” jf^U^rpru^ya fally 'WTGySwl by

•; The question isT said Sura St. John. •' i* ihe strong wimK and her lisle- threaded Goto any thing: oiie ought to know about hin^h afrnggliug Kv repress the (fruteriiig ihwv biihkfrF1 veil, ah e stood prepared b 4« ter doty Fy

** "Tv banka and bi«5 of boii-^iTiy Boo the fi^b-water shell heaps or any othei owv " vhanf Hi lrw. wh>.*, Dealt a» u msobtid geological •fom.iunop. John Hoflipan ife •*- with the dew on if, stood ui the bow, wifh walking up ami down smoking a jtoh*miau~ tho wind blowing her dark V a ry hair bark looking pipe, '‘There is oTd> owe item* Miss from her lovely lace ; -a* for In-r hat, it had fct.. John, m all the twenty -five mile# botWV.u long ago ftmnd itself -and tied to the mbtitii of tte river and Jackson vUbb'*

the railing for safe-keeping. he said, pausing a moincov near the bench

“Tbo fjroffb-’viatoc »lu^H heap* of the $1. where Bara and I • m&. &* ;*amO together Job os fdvor. East Florida .” began the Pro /‘Thar headland ippuaite U Hb John* .idbfiV fe^fty ‘Mould he — #ftdUjd be somewhere the td to of obi Foff f’ardftOe, where, h* Jbbfr about he ra,^ I fe peered atonnd, but rauM a colony of Freiudi estubiiAhfd'

‘wp noi hiug with bia m^^rghfed thenikeive^, arul oit^ yedt loter w tiw?*

*^iris>,V Aunt t>&na tlinmgh the saoi^b men, wromedn «mt cdiildrtub % thv

e.Voaed blinds. ^ af her #t a Ir-room. <k pray put cut lb. cunt Moii«**fuUe<f,wh« rrkik ? ho trouble •u yonr hat. Ivli&s Sharul Where >b u* justify hi* dm) by an iiwcriptiou hung up

v/v*er the bo<ii:<e* of vietihiB, '.No por Fran- ^blere/' aumr^Tvd the governor cjopr- oe^8,.eind 'pm X.uU?ranos, — ’ Not- as French- Wm rdtletiutrly from the cabin, mu <U*d in a tueu, but u* LuthorHiisJ It >a a comfort to broiViiVeit, e.Mine huift the ii«i^gert»>ni^ ^mintl to know tlmt thbee

ti> her ; ehr know bew • Vn«' ttbt tluy years lathr g Futnehiuiai aaiiod over and beauty that shin oh at dawu, aidt she hurl took his turn., at a masaaeri»v politely put* ti great Jonging tor her matutino) «jobVe. ting up w-eom! in^criptioji, “Not M Bjmn- Sharp's eyw were faintly blue, she iurd^ hut as iriiitooi, tliie\es, ojk! njiirdt^.r- Sud file i*rihullest quawtttyyyf itSe bfoiidw J y

(§SM\

6uo»ris<{ AteoiAroue Os TUii «t. jouw.

I flffg i ns I >

R.SI7Y OF MICHfGAN

THE ANCIENT CITY,

old, a woman with eyes, a slight frown 1

on her forehead, ,

elear-eut features,

and a quantity of pale golden hair drawn rigidly hack and braided close around the head with sin all regard for fashion's changes. I had met her in a city boarding-house, and, liking her in spile of herself, we grew into friendship ; and although her proud inde- pendence would accept nothing from me .save liking, I was sometimes able to per- suade her into a journey, which she always enjoyed notwithstanding the inevitable de- scriptive article which she declared lurked behind every bush and waved a banner of proof-sheets at her from every sunshiny hill.

At Jacksonville the St, Johns bends to the south on its long course through the chain of lakes and swamps that leads to the mys- terious Okeechobee land, a terra, or rather aqua incognita, given over to alligators and unending lies. The last phrase was added by Miss Sharp, w ho laboriously wrote down the Okeechobee stories current on the St. Johns, about buried cities, ruins of temples cm islands, rusty convent bells, and the like, only to have them all demolished by the stern researches of the Professor. The Pro- fessor was not romantic.

n A buried city oxi the brim Of Okeechobee wiw to him A lie, anil nothing more!”

We found Jacksonville a thriving, unin- teresting brick-and-mortar town, with two large hotels, from whence issued other tour- ists and invalids, with whom we sailed up the river as far as Enterprise, and then on a smaller Btcamerfup the wild, beautiful Ock-

E.NTttAVOK TO 8T. ALOCtfliML

lawaha, coming hack down the Johns again as far as Tocoi, where, with the clear consciences of tourists who have seen every thing on the river, we took the mule train across the fifteen miles to the sea, arriving toward sunset at the shed and bonfire which form the railroad d«$p6t of St. Augustine, This shed has never been seen open. What it contains no one knows; but it has a. plat- form where passengers are allowed to stand before their turn comes to climb into the om- nibus. The bonfire is lighted by the wait- ing darkies as a protection against the even- ing damps. But they builded better than they knew, those innocent contrabands ; their blazing fire only mildly typifies the hilarious joy of the Ancient City over the coming of its annual victim, the gold-bear- ing Northern tourist.

iv But w hore is *^he town ?” demanded Aunt Diana.

61 'Cross de ribber, Jnistia. De omnibuster waitin',” replied a colored official, armed with a bugle. John Hoffman, having given directions as to his trunks, started off on toot through the thicket, with an evening cigar for company. Aunt Diana, however, never allowed desertion from her camp, whether of regulars or volunteers. She had her eye upon Mokes; she knew ho was safe; so she called after the retreating figure, Mr. Hoff- man ! Mr. Hoffman ! We shall not know where to go without you.”

** St, Augustine Hotel,” replied Hoffman, over bis shoulder.

Ml

mRVEWZmW MONTHLY MAOA21NE

■ bidflod g$y«ma*§ masted with %h* -$&&■.

*' 0h? J print. “Sebastian was the mie noted for

the tall aumhg: tlm t*a<*&, ki« arrows; tlai/i the pietimi

He was gone ; Mt Ytekcs mnained, ayes*, ami in my liaiuLbnok f! *

all. Moke* had liirgc ajr^ef in foot very Leaving the the milrilma ‘«infc

large, and jiute-' given ;• lmt«. hi* ternl tin: town rimaigb *>f foliage,

Urge also, and Aunt Dmua ■ had' & prophetic great p tn>e* mingling their sfOfih. Wti* nor In?? her dear siafer^ dsil& f branches aver tin- street lor some distance, Ho she marshaled na into rite *amdUn*, which fdmn^g a green Arched way whose viat.o started off &mm tie* thicket, through the imule $it&. Aftciepi

ever-present and iiurof-ii\ooil*d rm*A holn, -€ity# like $t*$ shaded pathway that hoi to and out info a* fright road tending toward the lovely \Unti of Benia hip iho old pictures the town through the deep white mt*&, hf J>‘fyiW* L ajMto .w* «*mM

.:.;^|t^ the red legBrt;t)Htr >-jfu^ir

the -tliv ehoerfiii «nil df stole, largi; and ’with in orange

olEasirro The toad was built du grove hdiiud, the gobid/ fruit gleaming

a runaway oyer a ri *«r and lie attendant through the glossy fblia^iju.d protected by ,^t dii rim b&at mW w* liwdd -Hee. a pktuivsque hedge . of :%ifl*uafe'-l»fty.oniti‘|

two ilags dml tite twosnirre of the «itj lie- the other u wide house kamomdcMlby pil- ing above f$o, grodu* ’Vd ’ 1:\ Y i • raw overhung with ivy And lunmyanekle, a ’■•*' Wlterfc #v|£-jV thWf* .a^^'4tifft:'3^Antv, garden tilled with, tdsrifc ^fed; evftry variety a* we nt} led vVi'C n red bridge. of dower, gray aws* drwping from the tws

'; at the gate, nitd a rddf jointed in broad reading ilowly from her ghtdiMteafc Iff Xb* atripos which conveyed a chawing istigges- fadinft bgliL “/After three board and /on*.- tiou of coolness, a& though it wetA ©o' roof hull of .tilts torture the exhausted t^umd at all, hut only a fresh iintri awning over .fib/te at iba Han the whole, suited to the tropical climate,

vhtre vi ini»erul)Ie ierry convey a him, more Saxu hAiil this, arid added that die Was suib dead tlifiii jdivc, to the city of Bt. Augmh there were iiaminocki. there too, hanging .;_>: •.";\.‘:*‘\,i JV sonic whore in »ha«iy places-

‘ thlt. iitvre; in m ftwy,*- 1 said, “ Really, vers Mvnloiitmhy itmtAxk^i

“The •*' oiJhdnSi^.' ^nfist^ however, is Aunt Diana, inspefc ting the ho\iscs thi^ughf fere>° ^h^cr^e/d Hnru, wearily. hey glares, and hesti^wirtg upon them, m it

' * Tl»*‘ \k ’a^; loflAt mo fjir I'ASWinf Wmtv: nifUTonoii tan iMKriPilift. Will. -

AN

5

THE ANCIENT CITY

come ; the number may he up in the hun- dred**, but still the invalids bring out their “ only,” though they had confidently ex- pected thousands.

“Oh, the water, the blue water F cried Iris, as we turned down toward the harbor. “Shall I not sail upon you, water ? Yea, many a time will IF

“ Are you fond of aquatic excursions, Mr. Mokes V9 inquired Aunt Diana, taking out her vinaigrette. “What an overpowering marshy odor F

“ Oh, the dear salt, the delicious salt breath of the seaF murmured Sara, leaning out with a tinge of color in her cheeks.

No, Mokes was not fond of aquatic ex- cursions in the sort of craft they had about here : if he had his yacht, now !

“ VoilV1 exclaimed Iris, “ an officer ! 4 Ah, ah, que j'aime uu militaire, j’aiuie un inili- taire, j’aime uu — T ”

“ Iris/’ interrupted Aunt Di, “ pray do not sing here in the street F

“ Oh, aunt, you stopped me right on the top note,” said Iris, glancing down the street after the uniform.

Arrived at the hotel, Aunt Diana began inspecting rooms. Sara wished to go to one of the boarding-houses, and John Haffinan, who met us on the piazza, proposed his. “I have staid there several times,” he said. “The Sabre-boy waits on the table, and a wild crane lives in the back-yard.”

“ The crane, by all means,” said Sara, gathering together her possessions. I p re-

turn of a Spanish constitution. The Span- ish constitution, as might have been expect- ed, died young; but St. Augustine, unwilling to lose its only ormtment for any such small matter as a revolution away over in Spain, compromised by taking out the. inscribed tablets and keeping the monument. They have since been restored as curiosities. Cas- telar ought to come over and see them.”

The house on Hospital Street was a large white mansion, built of coquina, with a peaked roof and overhanging balcony. We knocked, and a tall colored youth opened the door.

“The 4 Sabre/ ” said John, gravely intro- ducing him.

“ Why 4 Sabre V ” I said, as we waited for our hostess in the pleasant parlor, adorned wi th gray tnoss aud tufted grasses ; “ to what language does the word belong f”

44 Child language/’ replied John. “ There was a little girl here last year, who, out of the inscrutable mysteries of a child’s mind, evolved the fancy for calling him 4 the Sahrc- boy.- Why, nobody knew. His real name is Willfrid, but gradually we all fell into the chilli’s fancy, until every body called

Sa VH making me up iu rbf; nmhlk of the idgM, -We had the hafcmwed room up &v4 '•$&■ sound <4 zutf earije io through kfrr* window m -flu? injpusn -ptHlnota. of tbo v • It makes

me h*el young my' com-

panion; )m im\ aaioep ami bean! no move.

Ifctore kreakfasit, which is al ways la fe rn I^oriiia, Jokn lj»>0inan font to eoo a Wutfr dorfal rtv^trb^i'r*; * /; :; ; . 7 ‘^\V;'.' ' •.; 7

iv Yon amnt have sprays of bloom liy the .side pf ybiap ioSi^-cnjp«/? -li» saidv^ aurt/tlioh you will mdixe thsi t you/iire VealJ^ ‘ away flown 'upon the 8wrjavw*< Kibhrt/."

u Dp y<m moan to toll the that the nee to in ambush «o?uc*where oV*o^?: l^re %***... livgau t&nra, In her k*ad~peo»i! v»>iot< Blip nhr.Hyg declared ih#t feiv vnie^ a

sernUhing tone when ek& asked a mau n - feenpts ♦iUettliuTi.

“Not dmet.ly herr% e^ing that it H'ott* into the (iulf of 3rlo*ieo, lmt.it ^i« in f^oridit, and therefore vHIldh ibf niohj<lihu8 compile - | tonus, You WU1 beru\flikt song often etiorjg)it Ml*# Stv Joiixi ; it k the ite voidable rosoiireo of all tin* Korihom sailing parties on the j ijiilttt; % > * What the Bh>V/>hdno

me a Tie by keeping VtHolr hitUlaii way o.v*r \fi j the wvMTeru purt of (lie .St ate A * :».?i not \vu- 1 ant sure w 5?arfiim*prs lor years

him the ^il>re-*h(>^ and he himself gravely 4'v ^^jTUil tlor title.'’

<Y’ lap at tliVv wXbdW startled us. ’VTho •wane ” said dobo, fhrowingopim the blind. ;/ jfc fdo •.Kato;h. took at you/r

An immoitoe yra.v bud, *himHng nearly

agitie,

bavef mentioned that 'M&r* wMr pur hearts am turning ebber/ In p,\:tij key known -fat iim«i£vy '’/■'. .-.• >"'• ; f’: -/.'.'i

The turn? ho.® a^weet niclotly of \t» own," I aahi “ Nib&mi herself snug if os an en - cam lust winter/’

tiv* iV^tr 'idglx- atUf.d&fr J*g»» pwnvd HoJemuly at m for xnonnmte, ami ibm, staiktol away with >vhat ^extUHl vvr$ tike a of diwdam. o <loo$ not tike rpTi; look^r said Sara.

*• .Hetak^hi»iime;-

not for hinr any or f ^ ac-

the light frieiidahipff A"

of an hoitrf^ re^ihtl £&Bl * Jr

doinu ' “ tlTnaiie b a f

Idtti of n.njtitnihjd as- 'xjfr

pirntir»Ti>, .and bdli .^K?.

1 %br^rjT and ceathetlt*

Y^twChe- feae' been

Ali^dyered turning %

pver v-aU/h^ bill the |

‘*4^' ■'

/$&&&■; t\w*2: 'fa ■ ‘j&s'y - v--|/®S3w; ' ;

^uii 4bv ■

r'M . vvall- hr ‘ ',

itating,mv doubt, on

the Taiptiee of man- ^•y7i

kiikl, With veliom he ia vompeiled reltie- tantiy to ivssoeiare,”

“ Do you hear the sound- >;»£’ tlie break- vfcr cW8rt)iaf-? mid

OEOHOV f^TBKfT.

THE ANCIENT CITY.

7

We walked out. St. George Street, tire principal avenue of tlie Ancient City, with the proud width of fifteen feet; other streets turning off to the right and the left were not mure than ten and twelve feet wide. The old Spaniards built their coquina houses close together* directly upon the narrow streets, so that from their overhanging bal- conies on opposite sides they could shake hands with each other if so disposed, I do not think they were so disposed; probably they were more disposed to stab each other, if all accounts are true; but the balconies were near enough for either purpose. They had gardens, too. those old Dons, gardens full of fig, orange, guava, and pomegranate trees, adorned with fountains ami flowers; but the garden was behind the house, and any iwtion of it on the street Was jealously guarded by a stone wall almost as high as the house. These walls remain even now the most marked feature of the St* Augustine streets,

“What singular ideas!” I said. “One would suppose that broad shaded streets ami houses set far back among tree* would be the natural resource of this tropical climate.”

“ On the contrary, Mis* Martha* i he Span- iard* thought that their narrow walled-in streets would act like so many flues to suck in every current of air, while their over- hanging balconies would cast a more relia- ble shade than any tree.”

“There is something in that,” said Sara. “What a beautiful garden !”

“ Yes ; that is the most picturesque gar- den iu St. Augustine, in my opinion,” said John. “Notice those two trees; they are date-palms. Later in the spring the star- jasmine covers the back of the house with such a profusion of flowers that it becomes necessary to close the windows to keep out the overpowering sweetness. That little street at the corner is Treasury Street, and part of the walls and arches of this house belonged to the old Spanish Treasury Build- ings.”

A few blocks beyond, and the houses grew smaller ; little streets with odd names branched uft— St. Hypolita, Cttna, Spanish, and Toloinato-— all closely built up, and in- habited by a dark -eyed, olive-skinned peo- ple, who regarded us with calm superiority as we passed.

u All this quarter is Minorca Town,” said John, “ ami these people arc the descend- ants of the colonist* brought from the Greek island*, from Corsica, and Minorca, in 1707, by a speculative Englishman, Dr. Turnbull. Originally there were fourteen hundred of them, and Turnbull settled them on a tract of laud sixty miles south of here, near Mos- quito Inlet, where, bound by indentures, they remained nine years cultivating indigo and sugar, and then rising against, the tyr- anny of their governor, they mutinied and

rftKAai'BY bibskt.

came here in a body. Land was assigned to them, ami they built up all this north quarter, where their descendants now live, as you see, in tranquil content, with no more idea of work, as a Northerner understands the w ord, than so many oysters in their own bay.”

“The Greek islands, did you say!” naked Sara. n Is it possible that I see before me any of the relatives of Sappho, she of * the Isles of Greece — the Isles of Greece V ”

u Maybe,” said John. “ You will see some dark almond-shaped eyes, now and then a classical nose, often a mass of Oriental black hair; but unfortunately, so far, I have nev- er seen the attractions united in the same person. Sometimes, however, on Sunday aft- ernoons, you will meet young girls walking together on the Shell Road, with rosea in their glossy hair, and a* their dark eyes meet yours, you are reminded of Italy.”

“I lmve never been in Italy,” said Sara, shortly.

The reflection of an inward smile crossed John Hoffman’s face.

liAfiJPEli'S SEW MtyffittkT. MAgditCSfri

TliK JUU-WAIX, ST. AD^ttSfc, yy / ;! V y"',

| Amtt Di bit her tips in high vexation:

: -riii’rl' >!■» ^ImL'Ah btiri nV*i iy/i/i T. ^l. • . <■'!■ n

Settee ihe J though & person 'ti$ uimt refractory ami fa- r^bv fcj tiguiiig of v,i,n<3(»iil>tiv

nnith#ltfd Kiiicfctxlw*k«T antecedfchUy She nierlt- ^Sivr OU^tmr \ toted a mvmptiu , ,-V i (X1

the whpfc y'Oii are right, Niisrre Mar

slrnii, of ooutw, keep together a# much a* _ ’.. ’.-P% this ii ^ I y

There it stood; the j a visit to the aid Spcimrii fort 7 t’aptabu Car- 1 j-lyfo. will aeeoinpBijy mS'

^Ainl who ia Captain CfiriyleTV U A y otiug off) vet »ta tionejf b era ; he m- tTMduml , ItiiflJWflf ty the hint. even-

ing; ami afterward roiarook me for Mrs. V:ur A mien, of Thirty dbiirth Street. 'll seottof* h* knows her very weU,TrOurinned Atwi Bi, With a aw allow of rfatirtfaetioik (Abf wiao young Captain ! Mri, Vmi Andean hamlsottie face wae at least ten years youngs* than

-* Bnt whcra i* 'the Tt*e^tte©?f I fcsud. j ' Aunt Bi bit her lipa in high vexation Here, caudam. Do you sec. that lirtle j next tn Mokfc# she prized John, whoy$: whop with th^ open window t f old ninsi fitting Within at the forgev y

A fine V>h! Spanish te Aon -and ..

and my ‘ ' v ‘

may w e

The old toad hKtked np t>om some deKrafe j tixa* she aaid, eotnitig to sttrfare again pwx* s/f me<$hmfu*m,- arid, with a tfmilo on Ids tin# *vld thee, waved m totvanl the* little gay- j pos*i hie- item behind ttie' ehdftv r“‘ pintle of St. A ugrm tine, & rose-tree fifteen feet iiigh. «eveuteeu feet in etreumfereno^ with a trunk Mh&mmiig fifteen incite* avmind'and live iiaebea through, “ La SyTphiAe,n yielding atm tidily more than four tlumsiuui Im&nriM creamy ittsofc. ^'/W. ‘ \y ' ’ \ "r;>'V

w What a wealth of bloom r »aid Sara,

- Sieee Jiartha,-1 said AnAt Diawa euet* geticalf>% appearing in my mo'm imhied late- ly after ^ * I do not Approve vd' tfily

division of <mr party ; 1 1 m not w ha t we;

#* Wlmi e;«t I do, mini 9 Sara flight hot*. :f 0 phy lintel priee»—

'*d #wp npt fepeuking of St. John ; she ; fare if she pteo&e^ of eottr^e, hnf cr»itv^ to n.s.1*

y;;^Siji3ra; augHi' like to he left alone;

To be ^ure/? l ednti lined, not witli- fitit n gthin of iiialice, " Sir^pftniaii in here, H(» >*fn* heed uot Ik* too hnudj , hut— ^

?li Job u HodVua ri fare f*s ■,'^y^S; we ^vine here at lib' rocotafiienda- S!v ' '■•

THE A]NCj[EN*r CITY

the coping wy aa you will per<;iiiyer gratis ite”

Haw delightful to mebt the dear ohl England »tc«i)e down hi‘ta !'r^ !Aljawl Miss &karg* Mpptng Hie granite wit h an jontlmsi- au tie gaiter, ,* • y/ *

u The wall was onhipfoted m 4644 at a cost of one huadred thouaauci dollar*, having been built. by the Btate-a govern-

ment/* continued jfco. Vivtt^m ; • .

“ And why, nobody knows/* added John, fe*U b£bu*tL '

* Tb kjw*p the town from washing away, I suppose/* ewi Bara*

OfcoUtae ^ hut why should the United States gbv^rUiWjt concern. itself over the waabrng jiw^y nf dm ancient 3 it tie village with its e4ghb>oo bm inhabitant^ when loa ves el ties witir their thousands unahj- rt*H The one d w.k has, tj& yuti *oe, fallen

tnonih or

tui ift ali tho emnmpre*\ auft yet here is a wall nearly a railo in tejgth, stretching across the whole euAfetn front of the town, m though yp*'l wealth lay belfii^}/*

“ The town may grow/* I said* t( Jfcvrjtl never ho &ft£ -thing havre than a • winter MUtti Martha/** y\. /,

%tM' Any mteK tfeo, will **. rhnnurrig to ! walk ; ui^si/* «au) |ngrT damring oJt^iig on bet big h- it eehnl *. htMtUs i h it muet ini Uroly/li#**. by nmonfight/* 4 * ' ' ./j V '*#*

Is/4 iftpltat} the- Captain, with & glance of his blue eyes. He wac a marvel ofbeau- ymwxg soldier, with his toU,( wtelJ- ; fenifr graceful ■form, ids wavy golden hair, And blonde mustache sweeping ovwr a month of cb ild lik£ sweety tesjek Hi* timi. a cleft ivy

Uta cbm like the young Ah tinona that lie while u bold profile and ooamuiiiding air x^lievgd the oihetwiig* afriwst grb4it ; loveliness of a face which te variably ./at* Irhcted all eyes,

/ /',.(j .. .,

was kiiid-hearted by

drew near the fort * b*w grand nod gray ami dignified yon look J Have you a name, yeixi'eraltte friend #*/

“This ihtert'stihg relic of Spanish domi- nation wad called Ban duan do fHnofv — V Uv gan the guvenieeR, ha«tUy finding tte plftw in her guide-book.

u Oh rib, Mi&s Bh»rp,,r inttoupted Aunt Diana, who had notiMl with diaapprohation the elirj ging of the IM tv t hivcjid glove to tha fb'Pfeaaor’a lank but learned arm. ^Tou are midtakeii again f it ia called Fort. Marion/- V lt time*) to be Ban ^aitt

..‘■‘i vote tW San Mureo ; Marion is ivnunum- plaeo,K deeid^l .l^/aweeping. aw»y tbobti- er uattjea with a wave of fe dainty little glove. , ‘, . . 1 / • /;V 'ti ;•/ . v ■ :;t

^ A magnificent specimen <tf the defensive art of two centuries ago,’1 began the Proiesa- or, taking up a position on the water-bat* t<jty, add lieginning to point out with him .caiiejy/vjifit ia bnilt, you will observe, in • a wyuare or trapezium — n

go up ami have a dance on tho top/4 »aid Xria

is very inatmerive/’ immnumi A tint D'uum* huwiug' nearer to her' v trMl»s Bhurp, pray call .you? pupil's atten- tion t« this remarkable relic/1 Fur Molted baAl acHf^d' liiujeelf sulkily on ofin of tbe vet- eran cannon which frowned o t er tlm harbor like lootideafc *njd watcli-doga. There w a« h>.An Htniy Antiito.na 'Mi tijHv*

Spoiled f Of nouvse 1^ ' it well kaonTi iha.t rherT* \\<m v^ery lit- hat efia? could ■.yoV^Wc.tf. Bdt - ^ :tUt .^rA7iicy&/r%viteJj3^ *l«Uf

* \ / 1 w\nh' lw*r^ wt b.;/iKl n V&tem#* a gemiiTjc

10

HARPER'S W8& MONTHLY MAfiAJfOff

/<lue» ’ t wmarkwl,

:£xf \ if$$. \% 1 .f«rw*nj

.*«>'’ *»n# itknu tiio >*<*»» £ 4*$ f>r«*n preserving fortiajs. (j try toliav^rwuiy .^05$ “ fe'f pelted

«of itrttvrroatiiiTi ; 1 find it: »» i*i>r<v«‘d,

_ , ,. ....

r<'tn>;WV (l '•* «lw/,i-.

- hi,i,: 1 tbc «*«

, ■ . , - '. ;•' /• ',. ; ' who Raid tlfiit' uniat

b*u— '

M I)fun? - bin a tie/ 4

miggest4»4JohB, “ F(».tgiye?:nic% it it ov?t mine* it Vaunted/* ‘ /\

We nroa*ed jk tittle dr^W%ft, paae* e<l through the ruined nat wwk^ ^uir^cto, lum\ »>r il#.iini-hiTr^,

Anil Hi* ' At ttie

sop|:t»{| \ry • daias ■ %«$• ' W fiwe

mi\i tlnvaiauv mtpkXi^b, ^umn^iinrM % tl table?, tearing $n iuttwiptiou and the %?imk <fch roat ttf a mm. : .

u it aeeum j)e two dragons, two houftfv«. for the ?iud a Miptdy of toviUau

bung up below,” aaui 8ara, irreverently making game of the tr^yjil jtirfgtiiH of Spain.

in an iuidt^fote, ■'•* l ought t*> huYe all rbi^ ^j^pTr.j^p^tjo *

*v Itere itvtx Wise'S t. Zfihrx?

satii John Ttod>ia«rii| taking* mit hie note book. di oollcri^d tfarin arvyral yjtfdri*. ago mil of 'f|sle« of authorities ; ph#f aronkijfiian- in: Idiom dftfar r*a thwy go, and v*m can

$lf tbpteopt with rt>» tfmny etek, fitid rxrihifiatttoi ja>u»t*$ a* you ptea^e/t He walked on, joining the other* tp ihfc in-

SMSSS

th« fiif.sirii.tfNft—

Wvj^ thratfmts sitting Kptky and fipglertcd on

' ,^ud '. Sli^? ‘ Shar|>% roming

to t!\e rt*5K*iX«*. ^ Criis rbildf you *\l*#oryo

that it U »n I hY fonn fk n

zimn. Mi»is Sharp Jl you pirate

S * That daring yciangniau cm iY— J ’‘ ebutvt- lerl tlir Captptii xuidoi iii» hriHUk. m If Ui coadflnncfi to the sotttlieasit. tow^r,.

“ In t]fe salieiit angfe of tlir t»a#tioria arc? four tuneU or bai * rtJiitimityi the

FlXitosAr, j f k / • e, ;'j

''Oliyrs*. lio’vr ip tv noting r ^jacrnlat^d tho p^>vt4rtiC^H, ebespiog hur ifsketbmuda togetli- >t. u Ikirt isaii« V}

r&peatod the Tr6&J9MX\ tnfh rotting u Ttio oio^t. ae^jw

you will nojSco, U font lied by an internal i«\ tth*x> and thcitre wl*t wall al^o ^vhioh ,

c^tntila aromtd flu* T^bol% folio irittg tfk xt h riorn*, By obaurYaticm w*

riiall prr»babty he tiv trivcu tbH of H\*> ahufta, cfdin teir^cd^ dijii fr».fe^c

rdt boinnuiiig to Uia pp>3i<>ii ofHHHij^yai for- rifu.iixiun/'

¥ Tfe fjjtfeat Work i* erideritiy to tfe fot« tioxv/: m Xfii sat together m

.■•'und eunmui.

■ u The Kmettr j now. i* ^oHaidrrhtl /finite a y ^'ioai t j ^ ^aid t ho Cuptaifiv lui^kly hroak ► Ing ii\* * Mi&i fTaire^ aliow me P1 c&uw H to yinie'* :[; :‘ ^ •

irt<uno.ttoj0 Htfhl the Th*ofe^rf with fe»fty

Yiehlp/ V; ; -':;V, /';...< ;'•: ; ; '' • * "J ^‘‘V y#l /-,v; :'

11 That la what we calf it down l!erc%3?ffM | fM/Uv'd ^tthKVtt-f). oap ieH-iiv. *‘ .Mian, iti au p<hi lit tie «tair vi^Y f hr re • ir- iLiidori^ t* ; re]H^t'eii . t|in l?riitV.as»^r : iigiiiol 'V. [Ki\l that is au e^atnpW of liie. lam^ntalde ignprMipn bf the agj\ Why, Hint te a b&r- haotttu the on[y reinainlng Hpeeimeu in tha enunrry, aud, indeed, hard to ho exocUed in Enri}^ i^elf *2

b | hove heard it descrjW da a douu

OOAT OF ABMtt.

ngiraTfroi

.1

T&xd ii$lo W-fir 4* Forty ^

a«$ !

&n$ dually bjd*U»d much j

a* It- m»w stand* • l

hi&Urim !' wrKMti on i t tot jgjf -yiym r • • • afea Mpxacw \miiVivfa' Tfttf '$$&■ tho f

the

tet A 0* 41 triced WjKwi Ferdinand $&tjh-

Ferdinand estsfeli w«w i King af Spain, ami Here- ♦la ?ic»v»mox of Flomld*

It ' cb&$t J

attacked, t. wke } ged, mv%r-; titlieii ' * Copied

in I'J^2.; jj^v : fourth >

Hampshire regi-

\ ' 1 ( / ,-;>

We hail Wpl so iW] i vthm kmil

but t&iWgh . tit* •,«ax%:*v-;:f poftv b fcdt&ii- ’

TnAft sins? Asked, t

sergeant m

going to ': .. » S

AhbW . a#-.. tt»A - y/ - * .;

t-lnvmgh i??b5ch tbc Coo- ? tjjjflL ^

p?l* escaped,1* .. ■* ''■•/. *« • :

: ■ ** The Coorfry V1 ' •*/•. , '•>■ ■

1 “ kc&tx I believe ; &om/* iJuj {•:

kind of a wild-ear ** aajd A.iint Dtanay vaguely, as " ' .( y^ip. ,W;.\ her anxious «yo* scanned $v6vy inch of tin*' moat and mitworks In aenx&h .-orf.rffe varsisb- ed niece, Ar length *h* spied a fSk»$tin£ bbuj ribbon. “ Tk&rti they are, back in that

• • \ *'

^Oliy Aunt £>U Why, that is Imi^’

'♦‘Well, whatever M >k, do call Ida dt*wa direr UyJr ' \:: - ;

I Tfent after the ilpImiindiJtfv iti^eov’mng after some, search the htfl£tdoti«5 st&irw a y ^ n!«^y masked by ar» z_rrjiOcyiddpt>kib.^

v^here a second

the two dxagobfiy thetr tfrii hdn»^«v and the sXpFly of mutton hung ui>f*dow. There on fbe topih^t gxass yst a i iwereth ^ f * * young peopUv w»d inwl it iwt b&ftt tor ihat dpating blue nhlsiiio, timrO t-het £uiiilu:. ha^ remain - in aiqdit^h all tho - . . ^ " • v

<# Com* iiow:u,?? I cried, looking up, tatigh- the fwi -^f the ^ air ~^4 4 come cloH u, IrU. Aunt I>i wish^a yyoi to at*5 the escaped <*-at.-'

M doii,t* care alx^ufe patsr; pouted Iris, ai&’wAy deacei^Uiigiv I am glad he es-

T\i%: raopg&Ctoa.

cttped, liet him go ; I not to st^e Mtoj

Ivegan Au» t J)iv *: pns.y what has i^Hpied pM! ail this ;:

.-•v ^The study of fortilicrtiions, fj^r*Tk#: yoii iHtve ho idea how iiiter<^tiDg it xs-^Xhat iiiimi-llkM?* ' ' '!;y ’ : ■' v ‘ : :- ;: \* ■- " •;'

i4 Many persons hayo foxaid it so;M ohaerred John.

“ IVe otwdd not qual^ deeiiiw w hether it wasr after oil; a d^miduxie or a hett baftau,^ pui^ued'Iria.

** Many persons have found the some dif- henlt^v ; indeed, virfit nfXtir visit has beep neeenencyr to decide t he ^ * and even then it bos been felt ut^eftled»f' said John, gravely.

Full owifig 4*niit ' 'pi^n'o, wo all wbht hito a vrtulted yhatiilK'r lighted by a smuli lUgii- up window‘s or* father eiubra^u*ei iu the heavy Htnme wait. • «J. c v ' ,v

:i* Through timt window the distitigiuruu'd Seminole eiti^ftain Coa^epo^oUee, that ta.fdt* to say, the Wfld-eatv made tii» escape by starving hlmself to an atomf-v

ucr eoiwt-yi Frofy^br j	ftni^WheO'tbe the *.dd ^er-	.. .. ..: - ... ..............
jjpant bu»h	urge,	■ .
of	balls; and all	r;:;;. '>9-/>:-vr T-\~ iy - 1 /-f-v 7; - ’
the TM-tne	>1 dpOxwayv	*•/* * , v: •
ttu^(5e' ef	EUJ# 1U A wllii information.

ttjmgsm, KW.MOKTHtY .UAQ'AZM

sqiurmhajtr;?ipv ami Mjtiepj&tg through ;v w- chieftain; .• This: Philip w&s a Seminole— nouiiced thr* u t, who *(*><*1 m front m Philip fif th* WUblavooehee,"

torch *lrmK*r- Osceola is m U I feci' cxm-

■** Then it Iwmtft a - aSp said alw aya turn-

iris. mg up when lihe the ixuiaov-

‘‘ Only in> Hckt^ichfeu *auf John, ta) Pontiac of tin? Waafc. Tbdt^ier^orDBtkiiig;

*Xt>w 1 thotagUi all the while it- %ius Os- about the CalboBahatclie*> too.”- •eedUp said Sarfr/wearily< “iite yon fcH^

" The Semiaote wiir— ” began the Pro ed chieftains HolhPioctiee «nd TaliohWb^e, lessor. and the river Chattrvhixuhoe P suggested

‘ X isri^fer ^Ibrt^iQtt John. r}£$;

these said ^pr^y .fell tne who <# For my purt> I caift think of #*iy thing

wan .$|vfs Cah>t»chj*,?n . hilt the of that song, TH.

;Aitifeotij|^ iH'si taring. *M he- 1 '* with

thf^ sou ^ of Kibg Pbiil’p, '■<&*&?. you forow/* Captain to

tthit lit bfcd sometkiug to *lo with the Dmlt? Iris*; . \ *. * \ : 1 ;

"• :•.'/•/ ■•> — OmiVIJv abe “I have a

** King Philip t 0h y?a, now 1 kiiow^ amali brother who adoris* that melody^and said Ma. : ■;*>■ (ihaptef twenty -aa\ onf tetm :jilay& it oonilii tiatly. iiir his. bjitjju^ five; 1 Philip, while hitting, at Momtt Hope/; The next tbiirg, of wnM, the ^jx^t .•.waavti^aril ' to', exclaim/ Ali$» -P tel-' itwr h*&t j dnngetuu and -V& •$ie*

■*>( the tfVaiiipanoags ! &>*?. iiid^d dih T l where the bri*^' a'r/wae/way Ml up to ik&

rbady $i>. die’ v; •.';* k//! / ^K- j • t*uap&fbft« QC.chpted *te|£ag’ -the l&t* w#r by ; wOtv Ob, Iris flea fp: m id Mis* uirp* h fM&ti - j f lie tout* of th* ^idici^ wiio

W correcting ;. ^ that vm the y*^\r Eugiaud ; preferred theee bn?*r*y qatizi*f* to the dark w// /,',M/' ' /• " chn-mhm lud^w. W^piw^llhWn ch^pfet

?j^ -wit.6k i^' ^>;rti<:brithier idittf, and fcr

holy-wat^c i t he hall , The futnaeo

ibr heating shof'wys uTUxuie. «p^ Ti**r south- m*t hj net fttMUivld ibe fro toe- work ibr the btd) whieh mioo :*fitog 4hit the ht>Urs over the

k Standing fe tjfe glootvy auliteTniiiprui

dunjgetub we li^fehotT to the old eergeantk

idory — llijLV flsMure, the discovery of - the walU'd«crp Vml^unce, thc ijon nagi&t ami the bnuixtu blni^* ’’' \ * \

:-. ;5- °Oh/do "Timr pjtx

>J

THE ANCIENT CITY.

with the fiddler-crabs, an an- cient horse, and two small «y\ Vv'> darkies.

if I have iliscovered the line N ,

of the counterscarp I" he cried, excitedly. "This is undoubt.- s, edly the talus of the covered way. If we walk slowly all around we may find other in- teresting evidea^es.^

But there was mud in the moat, not to speak of the fid- dlers, whose peculiarity is that ^

you never can tell which way they are going — I don’t be- lieve they know" themselves; and so our party declined the interesting evidences with thanks, and passing the detni- - lane again, went down to the sea-wall. Miss Sharp looked back hesitatingly ; hut Aunt Diana had her eye upon her, JH9

and she gave it up. .

In the afternoon all the party excepting myself went over to the North Beach in a sail -boat. I went down to th<‘ Busin to see them off. u OMeoW* was painted on the stem of the bout. 44 Of course!” said Sara. She longed to look out over the broad ocean once more, otherwise she would hardly have consented to go without me. The boat glided out on the bine inlet, and Miss Sharp grasped the professor’s arm ns the mainsail swung round

ACNT VlKY.

and the graceful little craft tilted far over in the fresh breeze.

44 If yon are frightened, Miss Sharp, pray change seats with me/1 I heard Aunt Diana say. The Captain was not. there, but Mokes was; and John Hoffman was lying at ease on the little deck at the stem, watching the flying clouds. The boat courtesied herself away over the blue, and, left, alone, I wan- dered off down the sea-wall, finding at the south end the United States Barracks, a large building with broad piazzas overlook- ing the water, and a little green parade- ground in front, like an oasis in the omni- present sand. At the north end of the wall floated the flag of old San Marco, here at the south end floated the flag of the bar- racks, and the two marked the limits of the Ancient City. The post is called St. Francis, as the foundations of the building formed part of the old Franciscan monastery which was erected here more than two centuries ago. Turning, I came to a narrow street where stood a monument to the Confeder- ate dead — a broken shaft carved in coquina. Little St. Augustine had its forty-four names inscribed here, and while I was reading them over a shadow fell on the tablet, and, turn- ing, I saw an old negro, w ho, leaning on a cane, had paused behind me. u Good after- noon, uncle** I saui 44 Did you know the soldiers whose names are here

** Yas, I ki towed ’em ; my ole woman took car’ oh some ob deni when dey was babies.”

*’ The war made great changes for your people, uncle.0

44 Yas, weM free now. I tank do Lord

Digitize;

Google

VICTORIA UK BUM.

HARPERS NEW' MONTHLY MAGAZINE

,tx^r / - **;W<by i|rt c&tled

Wi‘!' 80 T-rr W.liO W&& thift

' Maria f-v I asktML

Bn£ 'Victoria Lin- : ’ ' . k£iu did oat km>\*y

Africa vim a '. lidlijC knlnfcrb,; mu penio- ^llpt . )rfiftpe tiof

r^itl Afri-

*;$$$$• c«ri ietweu the 'Ma- ' **a ttretek ti)« Sebastian Rvy^ri it wa* dut- t^.dwitljcabiii.s and ah easy ~gni tig idle poptilfitibii offroad- h^hM » w lio had their own little church there, »xi#I a ihims-.' :^; ter whose large sil-

rtat day de nm came dafc my chirrup ver-i'iinritcd sp^ctac]^ gave diguity to his free/' ' ‘ , . ,, r^fehy ^iimt^uoxu^. '. *lThey do not qiiite

- Hut y <m yourself, nnele f It did vo* ■ know hew to take their freeiloii) yet/* said make ad ttitich diffbrcifie* .tij you !’•’ I m bj« ©tb a Ja«\y, a fella:*? - hoarder* tjiit «yapt&g. TVi vog the Age. ijkud rtiiirinity of the obi uu*£b *♦ The colored people .«/; St, Augustine were hm stnvieiUenjhg hia bent 'body, and rai*- aa iaobsted Tn*e ; they' had Wa t*»miilj; lag hw.widrcued lai/uS. with a pnaici happi' servants for generation*, then* w^to few lieas in jjp» feW c-y<\*, h* anawet^; nlnidaiwiw about hem awl, generally apoiik-

“ 1 bnair* aninlat br«df. ttbber sense, mia- m$i they \xvw well cared for* and led ea,-y 1 do* ' * ;.*0 x ' ^ : • • ‘ )!?$§/ * gr«M r^lubratiah'ovar

Farther on I Found a woman sitting at their freedom \ hut the troth i« they don1! i\\c liootof.a^^ .to sell, ; kmw wlxdi Ikvilct win* i.t yet, and tlieiv

Wfl puffrhas^t some Jar the sofas of tuakihg I iik^ >hktv the otblos;* The Babfe/

“ Oe pravo^ Latte t den V* [■/.■

‘•X)*.’T

'•Well, tiehlwt mind. Van #<**» Uong down Rridge Struetr— yon know* fart V*

'**' i iKhIjiF foFtv fOJSt)8T:t dnn’r ji\s know nary I^ihod^ the ^miw* of vafitnAari • would : he t\\ bo teli ^>i/-, hut vrheoidd** r i Wiaitw to go Ip-d- ) rttood o)? that beach ami drew in vr* IJfe* a long breath tiiaf • from- tic

1 hnigln'd, ami 4& did .Aunt Viny. A col- Nile.^

'cabitj- TOti^Stl }W*v: wlih n'-potl | *‘ Ai\d A hut }>irtna?H

i lOfV head. * Uoc\i A'ictovia ; abc^ll t*liow u;OLt khe was. happy M

” Y'*or dau{iht< v ?u 'M.V>T^pieri<m^lv,“

uXm< Victoria. . Lih’knm iB her nainei ^•^4Ughty>'^ ■ And M&* &h.ariiV{/

Von st;Cv she was ,‘jes horned when day — Will i f^Jl^iyu tltoP^d

uk(t0di^h aral w l liei troin liim/f — *she wVatidared qh— the •Aendgfrt *\*Qti*f\

id tiiir >vi>man, w ith shupio e/imnstncnsv chanted Sara. uTh«? rija«lam-aant ba*t ih" TU'- ianov JitUe VicUuin showed me the Pmfesedr, and Juqtt '" av ae.vo^. a bridge over the Maria Sum M Ami Jolm Hotlbianf ^ dr^ek i 4* Mr. Hoflman wiul that .w

: ':1’:'1‘' ii V A'.' ./llo ' " ' ‘ ' " ‘ ‘OH-gl CS I'ftt fTV

THU ANCIENT CITY

very thankful fbrtim airupte. ran alloyed m- j them ; 'they • J&rri fcit tipMjpfr&mjil inti** &ud jwyai««.t.<if^b©:^rfeMi.t day; how ranch het~j vigar tarte*. ;j^t#ii>i?43^;. 'jmttife, tsx it. WeU tfaais %h# g^tXy}^^ of ci ties, md 1 (\\hy jouitg aihg^tbra m$\> iE&P \ .\ S . r . / *'’/• - ■( iforth in cigar tkip** vx profcimicp my

*” 1 have notked Thai no one over fcay<C idlier kind of U\s.,tsu uty-wery • hm m eigftr'. that li^ori wet) tjbi^hgh th*eg. I ho&es th*^ .go ft Cnn^; %hAiid*ikg^

^ -Aluivwjtiih (wul especially the man appfjtittui, nhd ground mi. live mm*

-Sang my- i leaf;" . nine the n^a whole dfty* on tU* P)<ua.

Tfm iftuaiy the ?i«'iidottis? hi- j : f And ^.hnt may Ire tluv inwn<£fdr tithfc to$~

dole nl nil; We 'WMi- - V&Jyy ^i^;:I^ii^tlif iyji& he tap taym j* *h> w T*

dered to ami fro rvithout plau or purposo asked the Pmfc&sor, endeavoring to assume impossible with North- a musical oil.

urn climate and Norther** consciences. u He can only play one trims, and lie litfs

•’; I loci as though 1 liud taken ha&heeali/' been playing tlmr etv>idily tor two days,’’ said Sara, ..* Cif ’* /*' replied Iris; UA% far

tunvib of tcrariftt-s eara« aod went, ami the diacordi* it is intended to • he Hirauas’s liked or liked not the Ancient City accord- Tauwnd nnd JFAw Xiicht:' ing to their Hut the ^ndV^^rt * %\\ expert jh Htditvvr,

*• Ym mm% nkvfcr cddckk^od-

tropfcsU- UlV.Vi explained to a dteeoutetit- ed to a modern tongue, ed enty friend jv^'it i& dolt*? far niefde Uur^^ yon tiuinde iC £<W me*/’ b* mid* play k

know*’ frilly* ;wifk th« Mr Sphinx.

But thy Indy did not kru*w> >• Very tin- 1 It k « .■ .*whjfcet; nvv/hj* h 1 have given iateiv^riiig plai^*n 'aluv siwd; 4< itothing to profound though U Six” mid Irk, gravely.

— si*> >hoxi^-,y n lt ; is lidt ^ A -tlbim^uuil yaiidiW ‘irtgEl^,-,b,»::

: ***0^ * f r l a^ketl^ miiy the ii^tonil^VAhd

m»*ndttg. thrrof<»re the he«t way to inmMl/Ue u kf i

M ^ M ^dj'hg/y Sidled ' i^ie ftftid

riie oh3 geifdemati, dcdtieiny. <f f have y«u yym* f.m Um wdcHly-,Ury<rn'lik^M

n# t.-r T :v:. . 1 - ^

^Stay longer! No. mdeed/Y said a lady , ]' 1 TiH

wh*/ had nmde threy tdiiots a day, and found j *° **

, n^hod j-' to. sydxdfre tibE^jpESu-- ;; ,What you . find/ |o ] Ana aji the like iw thU -ralil place is beyond mu i’" j The

u Site ia hot Far Wrung . tii«ro,f ? eohijneuted |

Sara* wtli> nice : 4i it is bevond her ; that is , u ihe xm pomlof ihft thh^ ! To t:

But, mi the other hand , al i those in ae&reh \ ;Vj^ of hBaltb^ ^ emhiWeii with roinairce ^thh) Ih J

mragizittiimi, uU wht> *ii«ild . Appreciate .-the ' im*

rare chunniiig buztvdf aririquity which hangs .^h{sry

over the andertt little edty, grew into Jove i * u * for St . Angntfriii^ , uhd. li/igered there &r j • To ammi

ypnd their appojuh ed time. Crowds

of old ladies and '-i^ r-- :’^l v/w '

gentlemen snnm-d themael you ou tin*

south piazza*, amt >'y.-.:&C- " \ ' ^y"%v **; ^

troope \>eufde tailed and Wdlkie^d

;eye,ry^r* where, vraking iiji

the H)t*t*piog WPtate p Olid the dreaiuirig At liter Wtt h ft

an d Ian

-uiterpiLMing fuiu-

•ets came n ml wont y with th^ir ncivQs- u»med euergy ; they bnuglit pfiimetto huv*> and twined jj gri>y flj(we arottod

UOttBft »4 tLft0A.T), ST. 41T<RTSTlJ* t

16

HARPER’S NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

“*0 thousand nights and one!

Could we bat have a thousand nights of bliss! The golden stories spun

By dark-eyed Arab girl ne’er equaled this.

Soon over ? Yes, we see

The summer’s fading ; but, when all is done. There lives the thought that we

Were happy— not a thousand nights, but one P

“Dancing at a watering-place, yon know — two young people waltzing — orchestra playing Tausend und Fine Nacht . You have danced to it a hundred times I dare say.”

No, the Professor had neglected dancing in his youth, but still it might not be too late to learn if — •

“ Oh, I beg your pardon,” said Iris, wak- ing up from her vision. “ I forgot it was you, Sir; I thought you were — were some- body else.”

So the days passed. Iris strolled about the town with Mokes, talked on the piazza with Hoffman, and wore his roses in her hair (Hoffman was always seen with a fresh rose every morning) ; she even listened occasion- ally to extracts from the Great Work. But the sea-wall by moonlight was reserved for Antinoua. Thus we dallied with the pleas- ant weather until Aunt Diana, like a Spartan matron, roused herself to action. “This will never do,” she said ; “ this very after- noon we will all go over to the island and see the tombs.”

Aunt Di’s temper had been sorely tried. Going out with Mokes the preceding even- ing to find Iris, who was ostensibly “ stroll- ing up and down the wall” in the moonlight with the Captain, she had found no trace of her niece from one end of the wall to the other — from the glacis of San Marco to the flag-staff at the Barracks. Heroically swal- lowing her wrath, she had returned to the hotel a perfect coruscation of stories, bon- mots , and compliments, to cover the delin- quency of her niece, and amuse the deserted Mokes ; and, to tell the truth, Mokes seemed very well amused. He was not an ardent lover.

“ Where do you suppose they are f” I said, sotto voce , to John Hoffman.

“ The demi-lune !” he answered.

A sail-boat took us first down to Fish Isl- and, which is really a part of Anastasia, sep- arated from it only by a small creek. The inlet, which is named Matanzas River south of the harbor, and the North River above it, was dotted with porpoises heaving up their unwieldy bulk; the shores were bristling with oysters; armies of fiddler-crabs dart- ed to and fro on the sands ; heavy old pel- icans, sickle-bill curlews, ospreys, herons, and even bald-headed eagles flew around and about us. We ran down before the wind within sight of the mysterious old fortification that guards the Matanzas chan- nel— mysterious from the total absence of any data as to its origin. “Three hundred and fifty Huguenots met their death down

j there,” said John Hoffman ; “ massacred un- der the personal supervision of Menendez himself. Their bones lie beneath this water, or under the shifting sands of the beach, but the river perpetuates the deed in its name, Matanzas, or slaughter.”

“Is there any place about here where there were no massacres?” asked Sara.

“ Wherever I go, they arise from the past and glare at me. Between Spanish, Hugue- not, and Indian slaughter, I am becoming quite gory.”

The Professor, who was holding on his tall hat with much difficulty in the fresh breeze, here wished to know generally if we had read the remarkable narrative of Cabega de Vaca, the true discoverer of the Mississip- pi, who landed in Florida in 1527.

“Alas! the G. W. again,” murmured Sara in my ear. Miss Sharp, however, wanted “ so much to hear about it” that the Pro- fessor began. But the hat kept interfering.

Once Mokes rescued it, once John Hoffman, and the renowned De Vaca suffered in conse- quence. The governess wore a white scarf around her neck, one of those voluminous things called “ clouds.” She took it off, and leaned forward with a smile. “ Perhaps if you were to tie this over your hat,” she said, sweetly offering it.

But the Professor was glad to get it, and saw no occasion for sweetness at all. He wanted to go on with De Vaca ; and so, set- ting the hat firmly on the back of his head, he threw the scarf over the top, and tied the long ends firmly under his chin. The effect was striking, especially in profile, and we were glad when the landing at Fish Isl- and gave us an opportunity to let out our laughter over hastily improvised and idiot- ic jokes, while, all unconscious, the Professor went on behind ns, and carried De Vaca into the thirteenth chapter.

The island began with a morass, and the boatmen went back for planks.

“ * Away to the Dismal Swamp he speeds/ ” said Iris, balancing herself on an oyster shell,

Mokes by her side (the Captain was absent — trust Aunt Diana for that !). “ Those verses always haunt one so, don’t they V}

Mokes, as usual in the rear, mentally speaking, wanted to know “ what verses ?”

“ Moore’s Dismal Swampy of course. Some- times I find myself saying it over fifty times a day:

‘They have made her a grave too cold and damp For a soul so warm and true ;

She has gone to the Lake of the Dismal Swamp,

Where all night long, by a fire-fly lamp,

She paddles her white canoe.’

Be sure and pronounce 1 swamp’ to rhyme exactly with 1 damp’ and 1 lamp,’ ” continued Iris ; “ the effect is more tragic.”

“ Certainly,” said Mokes, “ far more.”

Passing the morass on planks, we walked down a path bordered with Spanish-bayo-

Qrigircal from

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Digitized by

Gck igle

.

■■■wtos

TH£ ANCIEN-r CITY

-to** an **&ii ^£*iijfy

in silence, aud prem?tttly another pie/isiuru Sain. '“-'Lit i\ rWar in the fitifple hoj-e oT patty came down thb path mt\ joined Ua~ the Tlie jda<be has not dconpkHl

g&y yonrig £\t)h with «pmya of orange bios- for a hnrnUvd y gwjft; We vm this Imantini) in their hafca?y\rong men eatrytogtiui?-'. orange walk; y<m«W & a eolilary tomb.. LUg wroatiia of the yellow jwmune* Togeib- Can w$ imt fill tmi these shadowy boidere hlkd the green treo circle; ant? om of withbjjt tlifc jo&t bf jdoaiucd&tdiJ the ^trangors, a fair yoftrvg jfitiri, rn^vyd by # The fmfe^nr,, w!u> had been digging up flttd&eu impulse* stepped forward and laid a yot>faBy.'it it vr ua. uWhfcn

sptJty of j.ashurie on tbe lonely tomb. I v;a* hero #0100 $?im t&W' J.ie l>egac>, >0 lu*

o M£r in Acadia ego,' )f &>A John, who Stood load, di^iiro t low#* •• 1 niiKto u pui'o t 0/ m- iwniml me *} fit* you remember that jnetmv vestigaiuig— -r*r* >

of f-ii'%? • ' -#Jl«cJ£^ -A^iw-tiaf'nii: wmtxg “ ¥&t ^. mu-k^ ••••«:••■ touring,- • tunx-

tUmugh # with soiig* and laughter, mured £at*, taking1 iruviffiflwi tfc walk,

and AndiUg there a solitary twub with that Jnlirt Hodman fvdfow»:*J, m> >hd brig and cou- iriptiob ? This is Arcadia, and we too Mia*:

ill^A!

have found the to iilb.w . o • ; • /.

Strolling vot tiiwn the island, we came it* a long arrkedwMk of orAii jgArtreee trained into a chnti tMttiUJi arbor*

tf Wb^t & lovely wild oM placed said fits. *•' What U itn history t Does any body kno w Vx *»li oera{n>4 tor nearly a cert- taxt* I am fold?1 said Aatrt Diana.

4* Who wotibl have. axpey ted trnt'moCme U careful vDltivation d^wa on this tidobto leb and r | eaui, an a zwvy yiata of gynmefeeal hHda op ened out ori one aide, . > ; v .

*' There yim nrake

*f all Sbrfchernei'ft, M'isa Martha.; * said, d'ohij ifojfenah, J1 Because the nimntty Jad^dhiy 5ii>»f tbudy it u> Ixt al^t

wild add i\eny ^ Statos aiui

Tern tori es. ; %Vui : forget irdig this bir jiOTtdu*Td^ br^ he^ti itaVmt to the white man. Th^p ahcur^ Wcrc et- tiled mote than VouU^Ka^^J /■ '. : 1 ;

HARPER’S NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

A Iȣ8ERTEI> PLANTATION,

yond. Obeying a sudden impulse, I naked the question aloud, Sara was in trout of us, out of hearing.

“ Do I do what on purpose, Miss Martha ? TeU anecdotes ?”

44 You know what I mean very well, Mr. Hoffman. Her sadness was real for the mo- ment ; why wound her ?”

“Wound her! Is a woman wounded by a trifling joke f”

41 But her nature is peculiarly sensitive/'

14 You mistake her, I think, Mise Martha. Sara St. John is coated over with pride like an armor ; she is invulnerable.”

I could not quite deny this, so I veered a little. “She is so lonely, Mr. Hoffman !” I said, coining round on another tack.

14 Because she so chooses/'

“It may not be 4 choose.* Mr. Hoffman, why should you not fry to—” Here I look- ed up and caught the satirical smile on iny 'companion’s face, and, vexed with myself, I stopped abruptly.

“ You are a good friend, Mias Martha.”

“She has need of friends, poor girl!”

44 Why poor t”

“ In the first place she to poor, literally

44 Poverty is comparative. Who so poor as Mokes with his millions t”

u Then she is poor in the loss of her youth ; she is no longer young, like Iris.”

** 4 Oh, saw ye not fair Iris going down int o the west- — a minute ago,” said John, glan- cing after a vanishing blue ribbon. A Bas-

ed along shore. The tide was out, and tbe eo*»*tditin bare and desolate.

“Nothing that IL H. ever wrote excels her 4 When the tide comes in,' ” I said. 44 Do you remember it f

‘When the tide goes out,

The shore looks dark and sad with doubt*—

and that final question,

4 Ah, darling, shall we ever learn Love's tidal boon? and days?”1

44 You believe, then, that love has its high ami low tides!” said John, lighting a fresh cigar.

14 Low tide,” said Sara, half to herself — 44 low tide always.” She was looking at the bare shore with a sadness that had real roots flown somewhere.

44 Very low, I suppose,” commented John ? “overy thing is always very high or very low with you ladies. You are like the nmn who had a steamer to sell. 1 But is it a low- pressure engine ?' asked a purchaser. 4 Oh yes, very low.’ replied the owner, earnestly.”

Sam Hushed, aud turned aw ay.

44 Do you do it on purpose, I wonder ?” I thought, with some indignation, as l glanced at John's imperturbable face. 1 was very tender always with Sara’s sudden little sad- nesses. I think there is no one who com- prehends a girl passing through the shad- ow-laud of doubt and vague questioning that lies beyond youth so well as tlie old maid who has made t he journey herself, aod JguQWS of a surety that there is sunshine be-

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UNIVERSITY

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19

THE ANCIENT CITY.

picion, and not for

the first time either, \ ^ n

crossed my mind.

* * So it is little Iris,

after all,” 1 thought. i |:'5jSK^ra3

“ Ob , man, man, bow

can you bo so fool- •

ish !” Then aloud,

‘‘ I must go forward •*

and join the oth- ♦

era,” I said, with a tinge of annoyance -eA I could not con-

ceal. John looked '

at me a rnomeut. . ^ n:; f -.s ..

and t ben strode tor- > z%. y

ward. I watched ^Ujl \it -/ . ,V ■■,

him; he joined Sara.

I followed slowly- y:

M There is a second

tomb farther down g >

the island,” lie was saying as I came up; “it is even more

venerable than the -

first ; a square in- closure of coquina,

oqt of which grows /

an ancient cedar- tree which was probably planted, a

mere slip, after the grave was closed. Will you walk that way with me, Miss St. John !” And with bared head he stood waiting for her answer.

u Thank you,” said Sara, “ I do not care to walk farther.”

He bowed and left her.

Half an hour later, as Sara and I were strolling near the far point of the island, we caught through the trees a glimpse of Iris seated in the low, crooked bough of a live- oak, and at her feet John Hoffman, reeliuing on the white tufted moss that covered the ground. “ Absurd!” I said, angrily.

“ Why absurd? Is she not good and fair? To me there is something very be- witching about Iris Carew. She is the most graceful little creature; look at her attitude now, swinging in that bough! and when she walks there is a willowy supple- ness about her that makes the rest of us look like grenadiers. Then what arch dark eyes she has, what a lovely brunette skin, the real brune ! Pretty, graceful little Iris, she is always picturesque, whatever she does.”

14 But she is a child, Sara, while he — ”

“Is John Hoffman,” replied Sara, with a little curl of her lip, “Come, Martha, I want to show you some Arcadians.”

“ Arcadians V*

“ Yea. Not the people who found the tomb in the forest, but some real practical Arcadians, who enjoy life as Nature in- tended.”

OKvN'GE WALK.

u Who knows what she intended ? lam sure I don’t,” I said, crossly.

Near the ruins of the mansion we found the Arcadians, a young man with his wife and child, living in a small out-building which might have been a cow-house. It was not more than ton feet square, the roof hail fallen in, and was replaced by a rude thatch of palmetto leaves; there was no window of auy kind, no floor save the sand, and for a door only an old coverlet hung up and tied back like a curtain. Within wo could see a low settle-bed with some ragged coverings, a stool, powder, shot, and fishing tackle hung up on one side, and an old cal- ico dress on the other ; without was a table under a tree, a cupboard hung on the out- side of the house, containing a few dishes, and the ashes of the family fire near at hand. Two thin dogs and a forlorn calf (oh, the cadaverous cattle of Florida!) com- pleted the stock of this model farm.

u They eat and cook out-of-doors all the year round, l suppose. What a home ! Did any one over see such poverty,” I said, “and such indolence! They do not even take the trouble to make a door.”

What do they want of a door ? There is nothing to keep out but Nature. And as for poverty, they seem happy enough,” re- plied Bara.

They did. The woman came to meet os with her brown baby, and the young hus- band took his gun and went out to find his supper — partridge from the wood, probably,

HARPER’ft KEW MAGAZINE

'* Amt 11*0 geutlumm. Wliat do 5011 think offchewT*

'* Eh 'i the mens, did you any 1 Oh th»n?n.* m vjtnpsy \n : Ami bursting iito ii \w&\ «>C laughter, the mother toasted rip tKq baby aga iit until h^ toe Joined in the moni mciit &v*t the ’• wimpaytieBs/^ whaled tliAt was* of the touriata- from the ‘North.

^X>o you kuouyl ferj as though Calhoun himself was laughing at we from hx» grave/f J said> a* we walked n way . ^ Tour AreiMlV &irrt, have tuiale im> more mut&iom of jny taably ikvfect« than a whole regimeut of line *;H> people. What a shape that wtj# eyeii ! wliut; taefli 1 yjflrtt v?-b»t did ' by w uftpsy f * ’ | ■; *

likely who menut Mbk<% lita pay ; then why not wunp&y f Tbyte he 1&4 .■by-fclu^why^'

with (of all persona id fhtVw^ "In W4# there

^ery three Imudretl house holders raddeut in St, Angus tine, Mr, Mokes” we heard hex* hear* ’

*f Mnki hkv.e wanted to — beast ofa jd&ce** common tM Mnkite Hef looked op doubt- fully wo wmt by /bat not having d‘H:i»h><] exactly how Htror.g-ouudcd Hanv might Ik\ bo lidtml 0d*d to ;f this gifretftPiti

at. iemt horn po&M a &41uwr with *i&rti mg

*< Poor Mokes r* 1 mud.

“ Oh yes, very poor $

! 1 was thin king of his forlorn love a 8 ah’, Sam”

ask. Should too h^iid tluiy browh* b&bjr to; school wlVtrn .\h:g*y'w fergor l v ■ -£

i£To kciimXT-

laughed o>:rriIy, t«h owing even, while IcmK

and Saf^ello uniii hv

crowed tft gleo. ^ **' Nouo of uh-uu* gwes to, school my hidy*-* . v J; .

11 But what yrUl he do* ttiexi f”

“Dot ^hy* fW*v here xj^ «4mivwliam4 m werro replied Anita, %'Th&i\ all

vyjiiUK*'

,l A -gteat many people com® over hero in the se^uydo they hot f* I asko<t, hbaiidon < hig hly edtjoivnotjal

M }lay« folks (S}m(\*J

' u 0<r think th% Jadies are pivttj V' r,AomyllifieSt'> replied Am tu, with tv Vrif- teat' air. ■• •?. !;•':■

“ \y otiliin’t yoa lik^ to look as th^y do ¥l "Oh no” replied out with hroiid, cooicmed M«tiiei

ioun ASli IRIS.

fjfu^pr' i -J - j j?. ■< ^ - JrpgEMas ictiksSs^ >
??. A^jr	v'ye-v0

3TJ3E

mi

LlUUT-lRJUtiC,

fcrte may *tiifbe Airs,

't&h Wf v :v .

tim surf*. Martha. In my ojpiii- a yrauig girl i& fpt mW ftpf fe be 4&z*lml % Wealth tli an in old** WDukm Tbeoiiler ywmm km>w*feow liHk It h as to do with happMess,. aft«r ail ; the young #rl has not yet tonrned that.*’

Th$ (kteeiity c&friedi ni* northward again, anti Umn ground into a creek w here waa ike landing-place 6f AutiMtaaia Island.

“Thi* AuakteW fr.a« a WtHyr i a&idt m W6 iito pktk leading to the new

ligTWrlt^tfa^i *’$he betouged to tLe of

Dinciettan, and we know where to And her, wklkli te mow than 1 can m$

a Audwiio le thie Mam Baachoe ^ in- qulred Anht Dmufs in her »#ab% couvewm* tional toxie. Aunt I>i always Weed little ttnestious oitk&fcimt not beeuase she cam! to kDOWytmt rfm eatonim*! it a duty

to ke^p the eosYei^attoti Stowing- • ■'.-'!

^ Ah f ilia* i® the quest ion, aim t— who waa ah e f There are pemm* of that: &ame in the

town now, toil thi a oteek boto the axirne cen^

torn# f nobody knows, Ma j

tin fit* watery tti^tocy- ' .

Tho now hgh^h«m^ev curiously striped in black And’ white like a barber^ }>oler rose itofti the ehapatral some distance hack from the 'h-aodtod and sixty feet into

toe = c^air. akr| there was nothing to compare it with, nc4 a hill oi rise of (and, not ev^n a tall tre6* ami toowfoto it'lnofelilgighiitiC) a tower Wtt by 'Titans. rather than men.

Let ns go «y to to* ^ ing within, •*$&;. ;.;

oim babtWi*M*& ahtfir feet of ■wtodto.g'.wthir* way ^i«vy fee Tegatded m $ «trW*d test be- tween youth and age.

** Oh, Aimt Di, not ynn^, of iM>urse { nor you either. Miss Sharp, nor tkfcr pTO&e^or. nor -Ctousiii M»rtk&,’r said Ins, teeUiO^ly. “ Von oaii all ait hero comfoitahly iu the shade !

•M A.ST

wh'Ue .tlie.-rdif of .ue run up| ^ Wti) not ^tay kjing>V* *> ; • '; •.: .*. < ■\*\

Upeii this instontiy we »l] mm and te* gau to eiimh up tin 4>t:d nr Bit t here c con- tortahly in the shade, imWil! Not one of u>?

Tb.e view from the summit vou-

dertoljy extonsive — iniaiid over the \e\>A pto^harTf’ftH to the WeiJt ; the Ic^el bine to the east: north, the silver satnls <sf the Florida nvatodaod; laid sout h, t he atrefeh of Anastasia laland, its iJackboue distiurtly -%&■ ible in ftiv >h>pe of the low green foliage.

“ Kow 8* » If- and blue the ocean looks T said Ids. i4 I fehnnld like to sail away to the far East And never cotne hack ’

u If I only had my yacht here, now. Miss trifcfv iW Mokes, gufiaatly. ** But vto shouhl wuwt to wine 1mA some time, you know, add the Nile— we ll^ they ure dirty places ; although I— e;r— I ' carry

i vy tiling with W% it In almost iiniu^^’k fo live prvjperly theto?^ .

W<r all knew what Motor* nriea.ut ; he meant his portable bath* ;lle- A{W • 'BttgBiSi Xa*h- um*> and w a? always h$*p^p^|hto vpnver- aatkm that hlcesed artieie ivf ttoiitur^ whuh accompamed him every where in charge of his Vaiot- So often indeed did he allude rw it that %v« »l\ ik\u like the linppy-thou^br man, iftcUae*! to cuhtif out in chorus^ to tht? tUUO of tfeivM^toyor Bough,

OhjL hk» rHXrULbU; l>*e*th i Oh, hin pO^U^Ule ba-utJh !n

M yph..hiivei-I- W told, Atofos, the hm»ar

yacltt iii' .ihlife ^aid John Ilotftmm.

W#}i4 it Wuei^ta iW orue, Aftikc^ allowed.

^ I kho w which I would ra toeToWn,* '

pursued : y oat V>r^.

Why. fedrsda hro the prido dt New

York.” ••'.•*

I glanced at jolih ; he was a$

a jivIgA, with satjWt^hun

Iri.s listened with dutviteast Ayc^r Hj;nl Anht DiauD, who had at last nWh^l tbb {>^ Athir( gathered her rcinatoibg sdihigth to kfaail*v

EAKHEJTS NEW muKTCHLX MAQ&ttm,

ilJMHI the scnne* 3 lofcea iriiinv out of liiei shell <* ) 1 1 ivf.'?y< Md .gr&rkotslv offered Ins arm f*« -Aunt I'Uiiri fojr the long decent.

fbit At^f Mr.

i by the rail -

::v';.\r^'t^ ’

jtflin looked aftor the three as they wound down the long spiral 'with- £ smile. of quiet /mo&eweiifc. /•;> x; ^

•‘ Ail .alike,'* ho said-Uv me,, with the •' »» 1 0 - vmr&iic'' tbiif. bad grown iip be- tween us, ‘" Lav richer. eat tmijorm; de*> feiwutis ie grand :M,iw? MarthuX

^ Dmr’t quOU* French tvt nm?f

I auswemk where on ttie

lit rie ot&.tb

sea. *? lie write looking down now, loanirigr over the railing as if measuring the dizzy height.

" If I should throw myself over/* she said* as I vaino rip, my body would go down ; but where would my srmlgn,! woucleriw ’* I>otrT be. morbid, Huva.n ‘^Morbid 1 Hint te .& ifcttty

wordy a red titnitl paojdo always

hang out the ttouittut: yba near the dongAr* oils grouu it of the grea the tyaTter. We mnst all die some time, And if* 1

should die qoviV what «Uffer&ilee wojihl It taal$e f The madam-amit w*>rdd flunk itie highly iOi^oTisitierat« id breglp up f he prtrty i\\ afry such way ; Iris wtubi %t^cr u pretty tear or two; M<ihe»yrouhi rcaHy feel re- lieved ; the Pmh***v*r would Avmv* -\u ;n -

cvnuit of the Accident for the AM-a ud-Firnde? Journal^ With & deaori.pt ion of the eoqijduu quarry thrown in; Site# §lwn?..w^ul4 reA*l if. and he 4 so i*Uer^tedf find even yosh Mar-

tini, would wmrc^y have the k*urt to wWi me back agai m" ‘fVtta$ etopd in her eyes &* *lt* spokey bet face h^l ^dfeued with tin*

'•“'Aim John ilodina n / ! T sa» d; \ n vol mj t a'H- Jjr. I knew In? whs Mill within hearing.

‘H>b. he w oii)d rieeorv^ takfr bVpvayer- b*x*h and art m chief mourner, if then* was no one *d$eX replied Sara, with a mocking little laugh,

“Come down !?v called Aunt I>frs voice from below ; b wfc are going to the cOquina quar- ry:'’

I lingered a moment that John might have full time to make his eaeape. but w lieit at length wo went msi<lef tfiere he -was*, loan- ing on the milling ; he looked fnfl at Sam a* she ;pfiastHir And Viewed with rokl hauteur.

a"'|t rd, try‘;iiod make any body

Mhought as I down the loug Sfatrvvhy ,Vl that wonibu who

wrihe getforall^ uixit/ige make thoui^dves

. .y ^.'X':' •.

Wft iii&tul ifi m Bhaq> jfeyi&fl on a stair, -hmll^py V^.wn;. . with. api^ini^n»rr

AhetU ^nd tJik? riciohj^lunkiug roots -of Fiab

lalniivh

4> I am waitiag btr Proftissnr Martq cu>id^: she explained, graduvusly. h Ho cam*

hn trill ^twii ivtum ; ha t pray »iu hot. Mr Ai t.1* We did riot ; but left her on the stair, v . Sara and I sf rolled byetf til? ^ thti old ligbtr iKmiie — a w^atbbr- bhaieti longstanding Alimist Iti: vvatier;

retrularliribrtifod <vVth wmUjSt angina ml loop- •jSiitej^rdl lonely vllitk: s^rongbotdf dowii % tlto sea. It was a piu- timmqao. old hespMat, hti U t. ivy Mce ^pHuitirds a long triuie ago as v> look - Out , when the English eto ae i ii to JSuifih' e«scdou of J^kirhbn in l?«ra»"t 5^ir mieed tltf look-out soxty foer higher, and planted h eanitou xm the ^p> tb

mi** hiiAar vt iiti.hi hcib tub pBti>re«o&.

	far w t>hf»4 amt then remeinlHulug a rare phiiit bo Trad tVrgbf trm
	to tvifee up. ho weut
	mcK fit lilt . 1 1 $ Hyt« xu.fi Z UK' othje>r epecimeus with w>: I hAve u/> doubt

N

THE ANCIENT CITY.

OLD L10UTMI0U8E, AN A.3T ASIA ISLAND.

came out of lier own accord, loaded with the relics.

“ Why, Miss Sharp, have yon been in the light-house all this time f” asked Aunt Di- ana.

The governess murmured something about a u cool and shady place for meditation,” but bravely she he hi on t o her relics, and was ready to hear every tiling about coqui- na and the post-tertiary, as well as a little raid into the glacial theory, with which the Professor entertained us on the way to the lauding.

“Do yon hear the drum-fish drumming down below ?” said John, as the Ckceolv sail- ed merrily homeward. We listened, und caught distinctly the muffled tattoo — the marine band, as Iris said.

41 1 came across an old dilapidated book, written, I suppose, fifty years ago/’ said John. k* Here is au extract about the old light-house and the drum-fish, which I cop- ied from the coverless pages: 4 We landed on Anastasia Island, ami walked to the old light-house. Here a Spaniard lives with his family, the eldest, a beautiful dark -eyed lit- tle muehaeha (young girl), just budding into her fourteenth year. Here, in this little fortified castle, Sefior Andro defies alike the tempests and the Indians. Having spent an hour or two in the hospitable tower, and made a delicious repast on the dried fish which garnishes his hall from end to end, eked out with cheese and crackers and a

be fired as a signal when a vessel came in sight. The light that we had so often watch- ed flashing and fading in the twilight as we walked on the sea-wall was put in still later by the United States government; in old times a bonfire was lighted on top every night.

“ I like this gray ohl beacon better than yonder tall, spying, brand-new tower,” I said. 44 This is a drowsy old fellow, who sleeps all day and only wakes at night, as a light -house should, whereas that wide- awake striped Yankee over there is evident- ly keeping watch of all that goes on in the little city. Iris must take care.”

“ Do yon think he can spy into the demi- lune f” said Sara, smiling*

At the coquina quarry we found the Pro- fessor, scintillating all over with enthusi- asm. “A most singular conglomerate of shells cemented by carbonate of lime,” he said, putting on a stronger pair of glasses — “a recent formation, evidently, of the post- tertiary period. You are aware, I suppose, that it is found nowhere else in the world ? It is soft, as you see, when first taken out, but becomes hard by exposure to the air” Knee-deep in coquina, radiating information at every pore, he stood — a happy man f “ And Miss Sharp ?” I whispered.

“ On the. stair,” replied Sara.

Not until wre were on our way back to the sail-boat was the governess relieved from her vigil ^ then she heard us passing, and

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[TY OF

\CHlGm

24

HARPER’ 8 NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

bottle or two of Frontignac, besides fruit and brandy, we bade farewell to the pretty Catalina and the old tower, for it was time to go drumming. Fair Anastasia, how de- lightful thy sunny beach and the blue sea that kisses buxomly thy lonely shore l Be- fore me rolls the eternal ocean, mighty ar- chitect of the curious masonry on which I stand, the animal rock which supports the vegetable soil. How many millions upon millions of these shell-fish must have been destroyed to form a substratum for one rood of land! But it was time for drumming, the magic hour (between the fall of the ebb and the rise of the flood) for this de- lightful sport, whose superior enchantment over all others in the Walton line I had so often heard described with rapture — the noble nature of the fish, his size and strength, the slow approach which he makes at first to the hook, like a crab ; then the sudden overwhelming transport that comes over you when you feel him dashing boldly off with the line is comparable to nothing save pulling along a buxom lass through a Virginia reel/ What do you say to that, Mokes f That part about the Virginia reel, now, is not to be despised.”

But Mokes had never danced the Virginia reel — had seen it once at a servants’ ball, he believed.

44 What are you doing, Sara f” I said, sleep- ily, from the majestic old bed, with its high carved posts and net curtains. 44 It is after eleven ; do put up that pencil, at least for to-night.”

44 I am amusing myself writing up the sail this afternoon. Do you want to hear it f”

44 If it isn’t historical.”

“ Historical ! As though I could amuse myself historically !”

“ It mustn’t be tragedy either : harrowing up the emotions so late at night is as bad as mince-pie.”

“It is light comedy, I think — possibly farce. Now listen : it begins with an 4 Oh’ on a high note, sliding down this way: 4 Oh-o-o-o-o-h !’

“MATANZA8 RIVER.

“ Oh ! rocking on the Httte bine waves,

While, flocking over Huguenot graves.

Come the sickle-hill curlews, the wild laughing loons, The heavy old pelicans flying In platoons Low down on the water with their feet out behind, Looking for a sand-bar which is just to their mind, Eying us scornfully, for very great fools,

Jn which view the porpoises, coming up in schools, Agree, and wonder why We neither swim nor fly.

14 Oh 1 sailing on away to the south,

There, hailing us at the river’s mouth,

Stands the old Spanish look-out, where ages ago A watch was kept, day and night, for the evil foe— Simple-minded Huguenots fleeing here from France, All carefully massacred by the Spaniard’s lance For the glory of God ; we look o’er the side,

As If to see their white bones lying ’neath the tide Of the river whose name Is reddened with the shame.

44 Oh ! beating past Anastasia Isle,

Where, greeting us, the light-houses smile,

The old coquina beacon, with its wave-washed walls, Where the spray of the breakera ’gainst the low door falls,

The new mighty watch-tower all striped in black and white,

That looks out to sea every minute of the night, And by day, for a change, doth lazily stand With its eye on the green of the Florida land, And every thing doth spy —

E'en us, as we sail by.

44 Oh ! scudding up before wind and tide,

Where, studding all the coast alongside.

Miles of oysters bristling stand, their edges like knives, Million million flddler-crabe, walking with their wives, At the shadow of our saII climb helter-skelter down In their holes, which are houses of the flddler-crab town ;

While the bald-headed eagle, coming in from the sea. Swoops down upon the fish-hawk, fishing patiently. And carries off his spoil,

With kingly scorn of toil.

44 Oh ! floating on the sea-river’s brine,

Where, noting each ripple of the line,

The old Minorcan fishermen, swarthy and slow,

Sit watching for the drum-fish, drumming down below ; Now and then along shore their dusky dug-outs pass. Coming home laden down with clams and marsh grass ; One paddles, one rows, in their outlandish way, But they pause to Balute us, and give us good-day In soft Minorcan speech,

As they pass, near the beach.

44 Oh ! sweeping home, where dark, in the north, See, keeping watch, San Marco looms forth,

With its gray ruined towers in the red sunset glow, Mounting guard o’er the tide as it ebbs to and fro; We hear the evening gun as we reach the sea-wall, But soft on our ears the water-murmurs fall.

Voices of the river, calling 4 Stay 1 stay l stay ! Children of the Northland, why flee so soon away ?’ Though we go, dear river,

Thou art ours forever.”

After I had fallen asleep, haunted by the marching time of Sara’s verse, I dreamed that there was a hand tapping at my cham- ber door, and, half roused, I said to myself that it was only dreams, and nothing more. But it kept on, and finally, wide awake, I recognized the touch of mortal fingers, and withdrew the bolt. Aunt Diana rushed in, pale and disheveled in the moonlight.

44 What is the matter ?” I exclaimed.

44 Niece Martha,” replied Aunt Di, sinking into a chair, 44 Iri| has disappeared !”

Grand tableau, in which Sara took part from the majestic bed.

44 She went to her room an hour ago,” pur- sued Aunt Di; 44 it is next to mine, you know, and I went in there just now for some camphor, and found her gone !”

44 Dear, dear ! Where can the child have gone to T”

44 An elopement,” said Aunt Di, in a se- pulchral tone.

44 Not Mokes T”

44 No. If it had been Mokes, I should not have— that is to say, it would have been highly reprehensible in Iris, but — How- ever, it is not Mokes ; he is sound asleep in his room ; I sent there to see.” And Aunt Diana betook herself to her handkerchief.

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THE COMING TRANSIT OF VENUS.

25

“ Can it be John Hoffman ?” I mused, half to myself.

“ Mr. Hoffman went up to his room some time ago/’ said Sara.

“And pray how do you know, Miss St. John f” asked Aunt Di, coming out stiffly from behind her handkerchief. “ Mr. Hoffinan would have been very glad to — and, as it happens, he is not in his room at all.”

“Then of course — Oh, irretrievable fol- ly !” I exclaimed, in dismay.

“ But it isn’t John Hoflinan, I tell you,” said Aunt Diana, relapsing into dejection again. “ He has gone out sailing with the Van Andens ; I heard them asking him — a moonlight excursion.”

Then the three of us united :

Myself (doubtfully). “Can"! it be —

Sara ( decidedly ). “ It must be —

the Captain!”

Aunt Di ( dejectedly ). “ Yes, it is —

THE COMING TRANSIT OF VENU8.

A LARGE portion of the astronomical world has for two years been busy with preparations to observe one of the rarest of celestial phenomena. When Venus last passed over the face of the sun the in- fants Napoleon and Wellington were sleep- ing in the arms of their nurses, all uncon- scious of the parts they were to play in the world’s history; Washington, a loyal sub- ject of King George, lived quietly on his Virginia plantation; and American inde- pendence was a dream of a few enthusiasts. Now, after the lapse of more than a century, the present generation is to witness two re- currences of the phenomenon, the one during the present year, and the other eight years later. Then the rest of the nineteenth cen- tury and the whole of the twentieth are to pass away without its again being seen. Finally, on June 8, 2004, our posterity will have an opportunity of again observing it.

We know from our astronomical tables that this phenomenon has recurred in its regular cycle four times every 243 years for many centuries past. But it has been only in times comparatively recent that it could be predicted and observed. In the years 1518 and 1526 the idea of looking for such a thing does not seem to have occurred to any one. The following century gave birth to Kepler, who so far improved the planetary tables as to predict that a transit would oc- cur on December 6, 1631. But it did not commence until after sunset in Europe, and was over before sunrise next morning, so that it passed entirely unobserved. Unfor- tunately the tables were so far from accu- rate that they failed to indicate the transit which occurred eight years later, and led Kepler to announce that the phenomenon would not recur till 1761. The transit of 1639 would, therefore, like all former ones, have passed entirely unobserved had it not been for the talent and enthusiasm of a young Englishman. Jeremiah Horrox was then a young curate of eighteen, residing in the north of England, but who, even at that early age, was a master of the astronomy of his times. Comparing different tables with his own observations of Venus, he found that

a transit might be expected to occur on De- cember 4, and prepared to observe it, after the fashion then in vogue, by letting the image of the sun passing through his tele- scope fall on a screen behind it. Unfortu- nately the day was Sunday, and his clerical duties prevented his seeing the ingress of the planet upon the solar disk — a circum- stance which science has mourned for a cen- tury past, and will have reason to mourn for a century to come. When he returned from church he was oveijoyed to see the planet upon the face of the sun, but after following it half an hour the approach of sunset com- pelled him to suspend observing.

During the interval between this and the next transit, which occurred in 1761, exact astronomy made enormous strides, through the discovery of the law of gravitation and the application of the telescope to celestial measurements. A great additional interest was lent to the phenomenon by Halley’s dis- covery that observations of it made in dis- tant portions of the earth could be used to determine the distance of the sun — an ele- ment of which scarcely any thing was then certainly known. From some ancient ob- servations of eclipses it had been concluded by Ptolemy that the distance of the sun was about 1100 semi-diameters, and this value was adopted with a few modifications for more than a thousand years. When the telescope enabled more accurate observa- tions to be made, it was found that this es- timate must be far too small ; and from ob- servations on Mars in 1672 Cassini conclud- ed that the solar parallax was between nine and ten seconds, and consequently that the sun must be distant more than 20,000 semi- diameters of the earth. But this result was necessarily very uncertain, and, with the means then known, the only feasible way of attaining certainty seemed to be to adopt Halley’s plan of observing transits of Venus.

The principles by which the parallaxes, and therefore the distances, of Venus and the sun are determined by Halley’s method are quite simple. When Venus is between the earth and sun she is only about one- fourth as far from us as the sun is ; conse-

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Herpes's saw ^issTatt magazlxe

r-iutua pniot o{ Hie -suit's iliftk at. t.lia Haum Ijo.ctutiiug and two at ending, iiiAkilig fiSdr; mvwi'hU Suppose, far example, that an ifi*z mall.

at tfrie point saw tk*> w* dverk&ad, The fim te tbur when the placet wi th Yenns exactly on the idtircnf la* disk ; touches this edge pf the solar dteif, ftutfhe- ^Ki&n- suppose bfc eaiild in an instant m&koa gins in ' make -a- itejtffc . in' it as /at. a, Fig 1. jump toward the south of four or five thou* This is ruhetl jb^f xpfvrnal (xwUKt, sautl ndh^ and should again teds at the sun* Th&-.8^niti. is that; when tb* ptend im* Vonus wqhld ho longer On in tlte centre »f yMi entered editely Won jX\# sun, as at h> the. mu% hut: would seem a Int M tenth af it. This te edted kap?enui w'titeeL Sow let bun trend fi. the north polo with Tim third :Oj>.i>i.jV«*f: ' i# th;M in which the wtjuaf rapidity; VVrni* will then seem to planet, Xtfter ; erntfsibg t hoduj, itrai n^ehes moVa toward tJm south, foi the same watim th^ udge of the dlsfc. ffhd Vu'gips to go off* m that to a travdyr on a si enmer objects on at e, Th rais ed led mvadhiUxxtalt^ritatt. «hc»te «*>om to move in adir&etiow-tbo ep)w*ute The fourth coiHttef is fiiHt in which the of that iu whips he Is g«i:?g. &noh being planet finally* disappears from the face of the 'dwftjy two observers at distant paium w£ the sun, os at- il - ffifer is polld*! h&jomI i sr-' "the ourfh> ^rfoed watclmig itm wdrac of temal rmtoef. f ’f.' :

Ymius Over the enter 41^rwilt »eie her da- Now it rS^SjiejrV

serlbe fth^litfy different ; paths, m shown in rery plausibly :^xtif that t|ie rntPruaT ftg- 1 It in by the disixmee between tlm«e contacts could be fihsatyfd with fur greater;

_ v .vf -c. '*"• " ’ •■• '■ ' aecpnuiy than f lm rateftnd Tie fentnd-

ed this ophvioti on tite b Wh fcyperimm a in ob- ey serving * transit of the planet 'Mercury at

:. • iip seen hy.jn-

£*&$>--■• *v>\^ spoctuig Fig. 4, which icjut^hnis (he fH^b

1.— APe.%»»!wr VM-tt* o» VBsre Aowm wm sitts, Ati fetot rvioy \Hr*g&'&$r *K.<riiy,-; ^

i upper pftth Ib th»t twti fn>re a {southern station the lovet 1» ihfttfXHip £rpU> » titirtljjeJT3 nt&iHon, V

the pimillax h^s Wthorto been

paths that determined

The esseutiid principle of Halk^s aietbod consists iu the mode of detoriniuihg the I tame UfttWeen tfe*ie ■ M- ius}H>etioti of th« Will show that the

path fartheaf ftem the r ■ &r

shutter than the other, m Ihftt will

pass over the vnn pucker wheu wbt^hi«4 from a northern iitiitto i3i»n whop watofed

from u. snuthorn one. iutltey fhoTvhm*- pn> posed that the diilirent id^crvrrc abotdd with a teleebope ahd.u elironniiter^ jpdto thW t mi% it took Vmvusf to pass ovp.r the d5l^ and the differeutiQ hetwwu tlnmo tmuAH.ae seen troth tliiteront stsdions, yronlfl give the means of determining the dtfifbrencp bof woen tlie parallu^ of Veatis and the snip The ratio between the 4listen«r^ uf the pUnet said the etui Itk-ktkivni •'

by Keplers fhird tew, from wlttefe} tenWuig:

Fie. »r

tio?i of the planet, jaHM^fiw 6 rat internal contact, that 4s the plawet ?no vm forward on the Holar diftk the^ ^ Hhhrp tetrtia bf iigiif on each aide Othery&iut

that the mxi tact ty-

' marked by tte^Sp^ and ff/mslnp; t*f^h€^:thb’teay

the dark space. This .thread nf light te Kimply the ;eitrei<ip ' &J#*y'h( the

kuio^ dtek • mmitig Mtii: . behiDil; the

of Mrtt-

etiryv.Haltey -CjbJt #nre that Ite eofiid fix the ; fti- Vhteh the boms nmt and the etlgH of thc spjfa -fli^k appeat^d vinbn>Vbn wifchih it athgte aeofmd, aful he hehca c?m-

dialed that otecerycm of the. transit of W tiu^ could idwUjrvM the time requited fur Ve- u<w to pass aeipss the sun within one or two ec^onds.

Phefs© timm would differ i» tlxffbr*

tsjK ammo transit of wm

out vMtn of the earth hy.fifrepii of twenty} minutes in cmineqfwate i>( parallax* Houcc j it. followed, if Halley's estimate »> f the degree of accuracy attainable were correct, tho par- allax t& yetoiiji and the sun would be d£ter* mined by the proposed system of obrctryi^ tioufi -within the six hundredth Of itB wliolo amount.

When the taug-expeeu^l 5th of JnnoylTIvl, at length apj»n»M‘hod, which wh£ a gunem- tiun after Halley' » deaths expedition* were shut- to MWaat parte of tfe woi ld hy tfiej; principal. Fdfropbidi natidh'd to uhaStiO the .re- 1 .. -Tit*

from among their a*trotmm(<N Le Ocinij to Ponfhetn*jfTF4 Fwgr6 to UwteigtteSL hdaud, in ibft fteightmiiiood of th« Mauri tin®, and the Ahhfi Cbappe m1V>i*olAk, m Siberia, life war wi tii England unfortunately presented the ftm reaching their statibfiym

ttme,h«iOhtt|)j[>o wa*. successful. From En- gland nf the celtduraied Maaon

ami sonfc w Sumatra* tmi

he itm #iopjte4 hy the wart Maskelyirej the waa a*mfc teift, Hele-

na. Deounirk* Sweden, aud'Ru&s.to o-lw &$nt [ out cx^dltum* th> various ju#int« in Europe Ami At* i a, ,'/*> • ’ ' \ ’ '-*,•. \\- ;\V

With lhos& who were favored

byline wither the pntry of fch* dark body of Vdfiw* • ; tlifc iimh of the sun was $ei$*i;:

very Arid l until tlte critical moment at im] eoutact approached. Then they were perjdexeii it* Hud that the planet, instead ^preserving ita eimdaj form, Appeared to 84$uine i i?fc sbftjpe of a jH?ar m a httlloou, the ilengntud portion Vm tug connected with the lirufo of the sun We give two Hgnwn, 2 and 3rtks last showing lipw the planet ought to have looked, the firat how it really did look. Sow we can readily h«e that the <*!>-• server, looking at such an appearance a* in Fig. 2, would he palled to say whether in- rental contact had dr hail not taken place. The round part of the planet m entirely within the sum m that if lie judged from i this alone, he would say that internal von- iw% & passed. But the horns are still sop- - amted by tJtui? dark elcmgation, cu blsfcok j

pitied to in&fe* the ot^t^atiop* f#r Afhteh he had waited tfight iong yeaxH. The site 4honv in aolbndhW^kjr. iw it had shone iVh- life number df dh>^ prf;\ifrasly. But j«»t! itowy f«r the trtmwit to l^gin a s«d* Storm hrofisoy and tb# sky hoeama fsov^red SA^h vlouiiB. Whcfn ffovy cleared JAway.tbe t>'*u isjt was e»ver. it tw o w^kH hcfore rji>' ill-fated ustronouiof ixvuhi hoiti the pen ^t?tdeh to cmvvuy io his ffieutla in Pum f im story pf ^

to this i 'of Venus ou the

tho stin j pat i»ofore the snu

TA^Ht ‘eefetljug :lh which hI- hsyeil ilumhm ^ of the first

28

HARPER’S NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

two phases to be made in England and France. What will especially interest us is that the commencement was also visible in this country — which was then these col- onies— under very favorable circumstances, and that it was well observed by the few as- tronomers we then had. The leader among these was the talented and enthusiastic Rit- tenhouse, then in the thirty-eighth year of his age. The observations were organized under the auspices of the American Philo- sophical Society, then in the vigor of its youth, and parties of observers were sta- tioned at Norristown, Philadelphia, and Cape Henlopen. These observations have every appearance of being among the most accu- rate made on the transit, but they have not received the consideration to which they are entitled, partly, we suppose, because the al- titude of the sun was too great to admit of their being of much value for the determi- nation of parallax, and partly because they were not very accordant with the European observations.

The phenomena of the distortion of the planet and the “ black drop,” already de- scribed, were noticed in this, as in the pre- ceding transit. It is strongly indicative of the ill preparation of the observers that it seems to have taken them all by surprise, except the few who had observed the pre- ceding transit. The cause of the appear- ance was first pointed out by Lalande, and is briefly this: when we look at a bright object on a dark ground it looks a little larger than it really is, owing to the en- croachment of the light upon the dark bor- der. This encroachment, or 44 irradiation,” may arise from a number of causes — imper- fections of the eye, imperfections of the lenses of the telescope when an instrument is used, and the softening effect of the at- mosphere when we look at a celestial object near the horizon. To understand its effect we have only to imagine a false edge paint- ed in white around the borders of the bright object, the edge becoming narrower and darker where the bright object is reduced to a very narrow line. Thus, by painting around the borders of the light portions of Fig. 3, we have formed Fig. 4, and produced an appearance quite similar to that de- scribed by the observers of the transit. The better the telescope and the steadier the atmosphere, the narrower this border will be, and the more the planet will seem to preserve its true form, as in Fig. 3. Ob- servations of transits of Mercury by Her- schel, Bessel, and great numbers of recent observers seem to indicate that under the most favorable circumstances the distortion is hardly perceptible. j

The results of the observations of 1769 were much more accordant than those of 1761, and seemed to indicate a parallax of about 8.5". Curious as it may seem, more

than half a century elapsed after the transit before its results were completely worked up from all the observations. This was at length done by Encke, in 1824, for both tran- sits, the result giving 8.5776" for the solar parallax. Some suspicion, however, attach- ed to some of the observations, which he was not at that time able to remove. In 1835, having examined the original records of the observations in question, he corrected his work, and found the following separate re- sults from the two transits :

Parallax from the observations of 1761 8.53"

Parallax from the observations of 176& a50"

Most probable result from both transits 8.571" .

The probable error of the result was esti- mated at 0.037", which, though larger than was expected, was much less than the actual error has since proved to be. The corre- sponding distance of the sun is 95,370,000 miles, a classic number adopted by astrono- mers every where, and familiar to every one who has read any work on astronomy. #

This result of Encke was received with- out question for more than thirty years.

But in 1854 the celebrated Hansen, complet- ing his investigations of the motions of the moon, found that her observed positions near her first and last quarters could not be accounted for except by supposing the par- allax of the sun increased, and therefore his distance diminished, by more than a thirtieth of its entire amount. The existence of this error has since been amply confirmed in sev- eral ways. The fact is that although a cen- tury ago a transit of Venus afforded the most accurate way of obtaining the distance of the sun, yet the great advances made dur- ing the present generation in the art of ob- serving, and the application of scientific methods, have led to other means of greater accuracy than these old observations. It is remarkable that while nearly every class of observations is now made with a precis- ion which the astronomers of a century ago never dreamed of obtaining, yet this partic- ular observation of the interior contact of a planet with the limb of the sun has never been made with any thing like the accuracy which Halley himself thought he attained in his observation of the transit of Mercury two centuries ago. We do, indeed, hope, by a more extended system of observations of the coming transit of Venus, to get a result more certain than any hitherto attained by any other one method, but it is none the less true that four methods have been applied in recent times which give results far more reliable than any that can be obtained by the old transits of Venus. These methods may be briefly indicated :

1. By the effect of the sun’s attraction on the motion of the moon. We have already stated that the error in the old value of the solar parallax was first detected by this method. By the most recent examination

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of this method the solar parallax oomes out 8.83".

2. By measures of the planet Mars when nearest to the earth. About once in sixteen years Mars approaches almost as near the earth as Venus does at the time of transit. If we had any thing close to the planet to measure from, Mars would be as good as Ve- nus for the determination of the sun’s par- allax. The art of measuring with circles and micrometers has so far improved that we can measure the distance of Mars from stars with a great deal of exactness. In the sum- mer of 1862 this planet was in a very favor- able position for the determination of par- allax, and observations for this purpose were made at a number of observatories in both hemispheres. The resulting parallax of the sun was 8.85".

3. By measuring the velocity of light. It is known by two different methods, which we have not space to describe, that light passes from the sun to the earth in 498 sec- onds. Now if we can find by experiment how far light travels in one second, we have only to multiply it by 498 to have the dis- tance of the sun. Recent experiments in France by Foucault and Cornu show this ve- locity to be very nearly 185,000 miles. This gives a distance of the sun of 92,315,000 miles, and a solar parallax of 8.86".

4. It has within a year or two been pro- posed by Leverrier to determine how many times the sun is heavier than the earth by means of the observed motions of the planets Venus and Mars, and thence to find how far the earth must be from the sdn in order that the centrifugal force of the earth in its orbit may balance the attractive force of the sun. Le vender's result was 8.86", but a small error crept into one of his num- bers, and when this is corrected the paral- lax is reduced to 8.83".

Yet another very ingenious method has been applied by Leverrier, but it is more uncertain than those just mentioned. We know that it is not strictly correct to say that the moon revolves around the earth any more than the earth around the moon, the fact being that each of them describes a monthly orbit around their common centre of gravity. It is this centre of gravity which revolver around the sun in a regu- lar orbit. When the moon is in her first quarter, the earth is ahead of the position of the centre of gravity, while in last quar- ter she is behind it. The distance which she swings back and forth can be deter- mined by observations of the sun or plan- ets, while the position of the centre of grav- ity can be calculated when the mass of the moon is known. A comparison of the two results will give the distance of the sun. The parallax thus found is 8.81".

From the general accordance of these various results it would appear that the so-

lar parallax must lie between pretty narrow limits, probably between 8.82" and 8.86", and that the distance of the sun in miles prob- ably lies between the limits 92,200,000 and

92.700.000. Of the distance of the sun we may say with moral certainty that it is

92.000. 000 and some fraction of ’ another million, and if we should guess that frac- tion to be 400,000 we should probably be within 200,000 miles of the truth. This is all we can say of the sun’s distance until the next transit of Venus is worked up, when we may hope to find the uncertain- ty brought between yet narrower limits.

In many recent works the distance in question will be found stated at 91,000,000 and some fraction. This arises from the circumstance that into several of the first determinations by the new methods small errors and imperfections crept, which, by a singular coincidence, all tended to make the parallax too great, and therefore the distance too small. For instance, taking the different methods in the order in which we have given them, Hansen’s original com- putations from the motion of the moon led him to a parallax of 8.96". Revising his cal- culations, he reduced it to 8.917". When his lunar tables, published in 1857, came to be compared with observations, it was found that his parallactic inequality was undoubt- edly too great by one second or more. When this is corrected, the parallax is reduced about a tenth of a second more.

The first discussions of the Mars observa- tions led to a parallax of 8.92" to 8.94". But in these investigations only a small portion of the observations was used. When the great mass remaining was joined with them the result was 8.85".

The early determinations of the time re- quired for light to come from the sun were founded on the extremely uncertain observa- tions of eclipses of Jupiter’s satellites, and were five to six seconds too small. The time 492 seconds being used in some com- putations instead of 498 seconds, the dis- tance of the sun from the velocity of light was made too small.*

In both of Leverrier’s methods some small errors of computation have been found, the effect of all of which is to make his parallax too great. Correcting these, and making no change in any of his data, the results are re- spectively 8.85" and 8.83".

Attention of astronomers every where has long been directed to the coming transit of Venus, as affording a good opportunity of settling nearly all questions respecting the value of the solar parallax to be hereafter

• A recent determination of this time from the eclipses of Jupiter’s first satellite has been made by Glaeenapp, of Pulkowa, the result of which is 500 seconds. This agrees very well with the result given by the aberration of the fixed stars, and would in- crease the sun’s distance to 92,500,000 miles.

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h ky of nifi n nut, f joints* *xv rnr A^ris Yimen-rry cfr ru* t«.v^iy, ftceontM.' As far Wfc iw 1S&“ , Jng «m ihe ir^yle l!jM4fir 0c^An, frX(>eTii; list

(n plan :■*>( opesaidm^

for the observation' id Hie transits, itmf iMi- eafed the regum# of the gkdw in which )w cbriftider*& the observations should be made* In Ur#0, before aiiy »tq>B wbaU'V^r taken hi t liia5 rovffitTyv.be bad advanced m far m his preparations a* to have his olv twrripg bats al) and his histmmenfca

in ptogTOW of coTistmetion. La i^iS> t'ftfc Prussian government appointed eight

of Its most ibmneut astronobrnrs a vMtHurus- ■'sifoa'.iiii'.iferiae a plku -ftf tipemtioiw, . ahd port it to the gorenuafeat with au iwtmwito of the expenses, About the same time the Rossian goverruuent Iwgau making’ extoD- tfive preparations for niworring the transit feorii a great ibmljot of stations in Wbecia, IJp to the end of J£70 our awn Authorities baddbhp nothing at all looking %<t tlwa work of feitfug part in tkefce wLservatfouU. But in the Naval Appropriation Bill of 1£7 1 a clause • was added appointing the ^uperintouAent of the Naval Observatory, tvo jtrofeesora from the same iustitntkui, the eut«erinteiija- ent of the Coast Surrey* and the. president of the National Academy of tfelemc# a rom~ mission to make the aweary We prriposo h*w to gi ve? a general iimiiiht <;f wliaf ibpRe preparation# bgvo beem and ; j^An pi ubaon AthkV has beos> 4dopced.

To know wheri» ^ party cab Ire sent, we must first know when and where the transit wid be visible. & atoatt map of the

World sho wing iids wi H glance. If we could the planet: VekpH from these Eastern on f lu? nlYrcnoon i\i Decern^' Sf Iff/ Wo sb o old ; «$6& her ApproAohing nearer and iie:m*r the sun as the latter approached the bomou. In ^au Erftiiv tsr.o, whore sunseti* three hoxirs later ihtia liere* she w h id d bfe so .; iieay the sou us almost to seem to touch it. About an hour later *h«> will actually reach the Mlar disk, The sun will then be isiun-

e

portion merest the Am^rioan ^thl Ah Easterij Australia; limt ihe Itidjati and

Antarctic owans to the south pole, Veinw will be aiWutt four and \\ half hours passing over tlm face of the sun. And during this time the latter will have set across the en- tire northern portion of the I’acifie OceawT and will have ri*>aii m far west as- Moscow and Vienna, fttun which cities the planet may Ik: .seen to leave the disk jtxet as the gun rises.

For reasons wldch will be hereafter gi ven It was determined- only to occupy stations where the whole iron sit will be visible, that is, etutious within the nnsbaded portion of the in up. In the nhrt liem hennspherv smt- a,We wf, easily ^h'uoid, as We r ban?

Hie whKdv of China, Japan, and North era India. Buf iti the* southern hemisphere gToat dlffiewUbih are owing to

the want of habitable stations m the region a wMoh AU*e iwtronomifnUy the ni^t favorr Able, (>b*a'rvrafioiis can not bo made from the deck of a ship; astnmotoervj inn^t hoy© solid ground for their instnisivents. The scratb pole would he the lnx?t station

all, If some oxii&p?tw Kane or Hair could tske a party lliithcr. The lintarotar tm+ tiiient and the neighboring Islanvls are nor to be thought of/becauae a party ea-n netiher 1m landed nor subsisted there; and if they: cptB^ the vveathdr w<mbl prol>a)dy^ ^ piv.ycnt any ohservnticfiis •' frtfiii being taken, The chance of having a dear sky nu the e^it ful 8tb of Ilercmbe V is, me cd the

most nnportaht:trobshterii.dnns m wbich the choice of a wtatiim .'moat fh^pemi, ^ and the commission lias tlmreftra made it it* bhei- ness to coUedt (xibrnnation veaxiecting thh meteorologj of Hit? ^ arums possible stations from every available Bimm\ official and pri- vat<>. Where there vc<l& \my American con- sul or cousnlar agent he was applied to

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THE COMING TRANSIT OF VENUS.

31

through the State Department to have me- teorological observations made during the months of November and December, 1872 and 1873. A scaling ship belonging to the firm of Williams, Haven, and Co., of New London, made observations at Heard’s Isl- and, in the Southern Indian Ocean. From all these reports, as well as from the printed reports issued by various authorities, it was found that the chances of good weather were much better in the northern than in the southern hemisphere. In consequence, instead of sending an equal number of par- ties north and south, it was determined to send three to the northern and five to the southern hemisphere.

The northernmost of the selected stations is Wladiwostok, a settlement and military station in the extreme southeastern part of Siberia, on the Sea of Japan. The occupa- tion of this station by an American party was first suggested by the Grand Duke Con- stantine. Professor Hall, of the Naval Ob- servatory, was designated as the chief of this party.

Nagasaki was selected as the Japanese station for the double reason that it is one of the best points in Japan as regards weath- er, and is in cable communication with Wla- diwostok and Shanghai. Professor George Davidson, of the Coast Survey, is in charge of the operations at Nagasaki.

The Chinese station was intended to be either Pekin or Shanghai. The latter sta- tion is preferable on account of being in the line of telegraphic cable, but it is not known whether the weather is so favorable there as at Pekin. At the latter place an entirely cloudy day hardly ever occurs in December. The chief of party in China will be Professor James C. Watson, of the University of Michigan.

In the southern hemisphere it was intend- ed to establish two stations in the Southern Indian Ocean, one on the Crozet Islands, the other in Kerguelen Land. It is not cer- tain that a party can be landed on the first- named group, as there is no good harbor, and the region has the reputation of being one of the stormiest on the globe. Both islands are entirely uninhabited, except by some employes of Williams, Haven, and Co., who have a station on the eastern end of Kerguelen, and who have thus been able to give information of great value to the ex- pedition. These islands are all about the most desolate places ever trod by man, be- ing composed almost entirely of volcanic rocks. They are quite destitute of animals, with the exception perhaps of sea birds, and the vegetation is of the moBt meagre kind. The parties who are occupying these lonely rocks are in charge of Captain C. W. Ray- mond, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A., and Lieu- tenant-Commander George P. Ryan, U. S. N.

Going east, the third southern station is

Hobart-Town, Tasmania, which is in charge of Professor William Harkness, of the Naval Observatory, and the fourth will be at Bluff Harbor, or some other point near the south- ern end of New Zealand, and in charge of Professor C. H. F. Peters, director of the Hamilton College Observatory. The fifth and last station is on Chatham Island, some three hundred miles east of New Zealand, where the party is in charge of Mr. Edwin Smith, of the Coast Survey. This island has no permanent inhabitants, but settle- ments of natives from New Zealand have occasionally been formed there.

At each station the scientific corps con- sists of a chief of party, an assistant astron- omer, and three photographers. The in- struments at all the stations are precisely similar, and the operations and observations will be the same at all. This system has been adopted to secure two great advan- tages : first, to run the least risk of entire failure from bad weather; and second, to have all the observations strictly compar- able. A great amount of pains and trouble has been devoted to these objects. To ap- preciate their importance we must remem- ber that, in order to deduce the parallax from the observations at any two stations, it is essential that the difference between observations should be due only to parallax, and that in every other respect they should be exactly the same. Because, if there are other differences which we can not certain- ly allow for, our calculation of the parallax will be wrong. It is also necessary that we compare the same kind of observations in order to get the parallax. To show how the chances of failure are lessened, suppose we have two stations in each hemisphere, in one of which eye observations are made, while in the other photographs are taken. Then, if the photographs in one hemisphere and the eye observations in the other are lost by clouds, or any other cause, every thing will be lost, although one station in each hemisphere is successful, because the eye observations in the one hemisphere can not be compared with the photographs in the other. It being decided, for these rea- sons, to have the same system of observa- tions at all the stations, it became necessary to confine the choice of stations to points where the entire transit wonld be visible.

Another feature of the preparations, in- troduced to secure the greatest possible uni- formity among the observations, has been the preliminary practice of the observers in all the operations they will have to perform at their stations. The two principal opera- tions are the optical operations of contact and the photographic operations on the day of the transit. To secure the former an arti- ficial planet was constructed to move over an artificial representation of a portion of the solar disk by clock-work. The appara-

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m haki^eitB kew monthly e.

jv* Jktjihpiti cjTRmztnxTM* or rat teacup. _

fu$ was ramfofofl pn the top of a imi 1 di bg ] , •; glam* &ttH> tec* dfotkntv i a order i& give t.bt>^

4jfttH!r£' ijf afmcttpkptjfo imdtfl&tiotgft. raid *oftt- ;

I'-ritu# aft he edge* t*f the piquet. Thb plait- 1 Idack d&k qtyft fi^tr ihWM n^evwWeh ruad© ite^jjiparcut mag- $ ,'-\’:.;V xiitpde the some aa that of Venim in transit, * Kfyfr mu Wt«*:repj^ri:(4fti by awwMfe screen | behind tti«* artiSeikl VciiUaf the portions of\ tk*? t'dgfcof %li* disk wlfote Wonts inunerged -;, and left 'being- formed hy the sloping edge* &f a bjaek Mangle, tte' shown' in. the figure. There wa# ;bo need t$ a repre»entat3(m of 'tb'^ ^mub^iois.^ vrae »a regu-

lated that tke time occupied by the? disk in pacing from external tir internal act, ami the angle ire motion mode with the edges of the txiuxig:Ie4 •’V^jOT©’ : would ke in the actual trnu$& as viewed than some point where ii occurred near tjho zenith . The disk was per at such a height that it was only ; about ■ three ■nviwj&* feui iutenial contact at fogibssi fa* tptenial con- tact at egress Instead <if tmr boars/ :/ : : ;

The observations of this mattfrmynt have thrown mu eh light mi the pimstJoh »f the block drop mpt distortion of the pi aunt seen in the old transits of V.fbnmt w hinb hare been already. deiscrtberh. What is perhaps yet hotter, it hjiJb euableii us to ntiCfhmtilW anumb%'r of p \wzlh\% &w\ diHeorfhtut ai^ IHhinttbftf* d*>scriMd/by 'Fa-

ther Hill's bkiok drop, eeen Ivlore the Unite were 'in ton fact ; the formation of inienial contact by a tine line of light, % hough (fie eusps wen? blunts as seen at dltidmiii J5:t.v p; €apmixi £o/ikV u atthospliere^ uttimid We- irutt, and fefo eurions black pie*# rat nut of the edge of the aim, may all he #Md to lurire been identified nearly enongh fn judge what the appoaraucos really were- Winch were an variously tecrihwL In looking at t he arti- ficial planet near the mmuen t,*»f internal euutact. when the nk is nob still, the first ilung which fho ohsorver aaes is that iheie h fcfotlly rm constant shape to those parts of V411US Ami

each others hut that, 0 whig to f h^ hpdah*- - tk/o* of the air, they assume all son* wt ■Shape* In xapidf *n<v:rs re-o. so that ditfhrifof nl^ervomniay giye ije^ripiipiyi / «f

the 'P||>f^r^iic«a; thdiigh; loiokipg

at tka very aume rdijei’t, Iji tlm varied form** vrldt’h hiay we recH'gniri2 till tba

euiiar appearam'^i d^i-ribed by the oh^tv-

' - ; >vt» of ?im pmriLl

' >V|- ; . 1 ^-. ■ : ': '

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It is/inSvvevejry fai

.‘•twmiuaUons of the ptiairion yf Ymm an the &ee that rim ^rtenttoh i>f t% AiiviTtriin epmmiasion has beeirpriuiupal lv devoted. ’The great d^/deratim) is ti» man«im* the kagular dl^ianet* betweoii the i^utrCk &<( thfe t wn bodies, a# seen at rbe various [m pifi*n. m ;po>&ible . "Tpi-

iug the whale courdi:. of thn tranaity and the angle wh^ch t he line joking these with the Meridian* which is t^rikicaily tjie pterion Unfbr-

tphabfJy thd pra i ti cable diihcul tie» of mak« ihg tfeje measure^ on the spot. With the isitytx rf e of accTtraey are gneat that im ui^rtument Itga boon invented to stmrumnt ^ ifcpL Tlte 4‘istaycea' can.

he njejisimvl with *, helioujo^r, hut thin is an iristrnmerit difbcult: and cbnqdex bi/th in witatmctlon ami jwh% wtdeh; ;i» not to had lit this country at alb and rt ciui 0A>t i»o use>rl to rnfiasuro posiltiou angles, Bht suppjse we takes titf in^tAiii^meiui^ photo- graph of the ^Uh wifh V^inia hti ifa iVw. \\>\ tbcii ' We ma bring home and meacnire Jifi tjmr leteare. This motlo of astronomical measuTsment hm tieeu brought to great perib?tion in this country by Mr. L. M. Rutberfunl and others, and baa been fotuid results

exceeding in accuracy way yet attained by ordinary eye obs^cVatlphs. The &d vantage? of the pbotograp.liie method so obvitm that there could be nd hesitation about em- ploying it, and, so for as ix kswvnu it will he tippMir '$$* tixctjr ^arap^an nation which sends out parties of observation. But there is a .grfifit. and essential di^^renee^ between the nicthoibi of |ihotngiapliiug; adopted by tfe Ai neric&pa niid liy most of the !E iiriv.- y^ans. The larbw ft*>era fd haf o devoicd «Ii their ?itt*oitfou to the prohlem bf A^uriiig a got>d sUaiT* ph<4ogra.pb, taking Itfhr grant* .-; . ed that when tins pludogmph wiij? ntecu^ ami there ivotild he no farther dilfiyiilf y..* But ike immsuren&rit at home is neeosHarily ru^de in inches and fr&ntion^. WhUe the dis- tance we mast, know i* to l»e found iu min- oh** and ficeouds of noguccT measure. If we liaye n map by measurement® op wliieh avk desired to know the exact distanee of two places, we muet i?r^t know tbe exact scale, nu which tbe iti^p is foul down>lvitlt i\ degree of auGUi^yy.cpii^A^foding that of luir measures. J ust W Wi thf mr phologTaph^ taken, at vaH<o^ partis >*f the gfobn. Wr mns-f ' know the- scale mi Wliu-lf the iiiiages uyt> phabigTaphed^^M jleri^v any

cnntiuAions ftnfopony ^tii^iaurefo There is no iiikenlty With a de-

gree of ftec \i rat\y pmpi»rt 2 onhi V* t h at winch rbepracri^fol astroubmeT n^iaidy hett

jm.invefttigares 2iis instrument- A ml if fisc parjdlox ww de.reninne*l hy direct measure* m thb ^kivfiigraphVtb^ degree of avcTir^y would W all that y?$ shhtUd require But

THE COMING TRANSIT OF VENUS.

33

/Q

OtttAMfi'E

a*'-1 »W K FHASttO*.

>>*) fortunately the porn thus /j hich ieti seek comes dot .man difference be i Wee n wv> l«>ne: meajSTi^os, fti'auei? t di^raoeo bhtweieti the.

P* rCHttcs of the atm fifld VtjhHid ,

& of these wnM . Ik.

-li

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ggr thahw© expect to

j,h- the determination of the :v#aVlax^ A little eatfew 1 h t> no

that to attain tfcW *jj> . ^ , v

$ft»uiUl jknnw i^ % .

.•tfhie •oftho^ale wtatiby ‘ f u v thOusandf h

>k irately measured with u iAyutet, degree of real

fV.VC

c,‘v tlumsamll h part '+.*m. '•rfe&fe ;^hi.dhht;' .YMs 4’:^T^ oi accuracy liae nevet attained itt the ..iU*tm*0Hu£r. ,. Hon of any iiiatrumimtal constant of the kind, and r*e might even. soy tliat H c*u

■ ,> MBfe

licit he attatrird, fyo^axise, if . it ^ ere found With that f*f; todmiftoy tibddy* ^hhfa

W no jrf^T^tity that It would not and** €ha jufln* $$$$#$&$ tempera fyjite, or a opt phtdtiap ofihe^tatriicment-

oar eomuii^MVm it is expected that this dlf- fif.txliy; wilf be surniouiited by using a tel- escope of great length— HaoaTly forty feet.

4 S feog a telescope would be too unwieldy to point at the nxm :; it is therefore tixed in <: 3tid the nrya of the

mti #x* thrown into it by a mirror. The scale cf ttife? picture is determined by actual- ly meaaruiug the distaDce between the o?> jeet-giase and the photograph plate. Emdi Kt&ttoii ia>Ujppli<d with a special apparatus by whfcb itna measutement can be made within the hundredth of an inch. Then, krtrrtffing f hr position of rhe optical rimfre of the ghma, it eh*y to caly oluTU exactly how hnitay inches a;nygive)?. Angle will sub- fend on fin* photograph plate. The follow- ing brief deserfptma of the apparatus will be rmitfy andersto«>d % rtdb^nce to the ijgixres. ■; * ^ . ‘i* ,

The the support for the

mirror arc mo an ted on an iron pier extend- ing four ground, and firmly

imbedded in eembyote. The mirror is in a frame at the end of an inclined east iron .VtHit U is tnrVVod with a very slow mo- tion by fv &hd ihgeTuous piece of

““’Go gle

nvwts aw v rm^ToottArmr? AiT-AitArrrfi.

cidi^-wdyk. Tfr* tuclihatimi of the axis hod tlte Hde of motion ar^i fib mijusted that no t wlili<4tamling the diuihal motion i>f the eun— ort tw c^ioak more arc-nro toty t of the earth flan^ rays w!H always he refl^d- yd in thv same dirootioo* This result i« not attiiimiii with eiiitiir- Exactness, but it is so near that if will only be necessity for ap as- sistant to touch the •screws of the mirror at

the critical hours «f the troimit. Tba reflect- or is simply * piece of tinely [lolished eluss. vritliont any silvenng whatever. It c.uJy reflects about a twentieth of the su^s light ; but m> intense arc his rays that his picture can he> taken in less than the tenth of a see- imd. The wf thm miiror was the

most deHmte and difflcuJt operation in t!ti# f on«trurtion of the apparatus, us the rsliglvt est* dhviatiou from perfect flatness wcmld be fuHiJ. For instaiji’c, if a straight edge laid upon the glass should touch at the edges, but he the hundred tliousandfU of iu\ inch above U at the centre, the rcJlcchtr would be useless. It might have seamed: hopeless to seek for ftiich a degroe of accu- racy bad it not bc^n &r the roofldence of the coxnrotsfiiop in the mechanical genius of AI v nn Clark and Sous, to whu*'u tiio inruv ufaeture of the apparatus vms intrusted. The inirrom were by Obsening ol>-

jcjcts through a ttdeec ope* fli>t dirod lyT ajul then by reflection from the mirror. If they were seen with equally good definition, iu

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the two cases, it would show that there were no irregularities in the surface of the mirror ; while if it were either concave or convex, the focus of the telescope would seem shortened or lengthened. The first test was sustained perfectly, while the cir- cles of convexity or concavity indicated by the changes of focus of the photographic telescope were many miles in diameter.

Immediately in front of the mirror is the object-glass. The curves of the lenses of which it is formed are so arranged that it is not perfectly achromatic for the visual rays, but gives the best photographic image. Thirty -eight feet and a fraction from the glass is the focus, where an image of the sun about four and a quarter inches in di- ameter is formed. Here another iron pier is firmly imbedded in the ground for the support of the photographic plate holder. This consists of a brass frame seven inches square on the inside, revolving on a vertical rod, which passes through the iron plate on top of the pier. Into this frame is cement- ed a square of plate-glass, just as a pane of glass is puttied in a window. The glass is divided up into small squares by very fine lines about one five hundredth of an inch thick, which have been etched by a process invented and perfected by Mr. W. A. Rogers, of the Cambridge Observatory. The sensi- tive plate goes into the other side of the frame, and when in position for taking the photograph there is a space of about one- eighth of an inch between the ruled lines and the plate. The former are therefore photographed on every picture of the sun which is taken, and serve to deteot any con- traction of the collodion film on the glass plate.

The rod on which the plate-holder turns, and the frame itself, are perforated from top to bottom by a vertical opening one-sixth of an inch in diameter. Through the centre of this hole, and passing between the ruled plate apd the photograph plate, hangs a plumb-line of very fine silver wire. In ev- ery picture of the sun this plumb-line is also photographed, and this marks a truly verti- cal line on the plate very near the middle vertical etched line. A spirit-level is fixed to the top of the frame, and serves to detect any changes in the inclination of the ruled lines to the horizon.

One of the most essential features of the ar- rangement is that the photographic object- glass and plate-holder are on the same level, and in the meridian of the transit instru- ment with which the time is determined. The central ruled line on the plate-holder is thus used as a meridian mark for the trans- it. The great advantage of this arrange- ment is that it permits the angle which the line joining the centres of the sun and Venus makes with the meridian to be determined with the greatest precision by means of the

image of the plumb-line which is photo- graphed across the picture of the sun. If this angle is to be used at all to determine the parallax, it must be known with a de- gree of accuracy corresponding to that re- quired in the scale of the photographic picture. With the moving telescope this degree of accuracy is about as difficult to attain in the case of the angle as in that of the scale. Mr. De la Rue, of England, the eminent astronomer who has devised the photographic apparatus, to be used by the English parties, says that by his method the angle in question can be determined within a minute of arc. But a little calcu- lation will show that an error of this amount between the eastern and western stations will cause in the parallax of the sun calcu- lated from the photographs an error of about a hundredth of the entire amount of the par- allax, which is greater than the uncertainty of the parallax as already known. Hence, if no greater accuracy than this could be attained, it would not be worth while to observe the transit of Venus at alL

One of the most important features of the preparations, which distinguishes them from the preparations to observe the former trans- its, has been the previous training of the observers. Our parties will compare with those which observed the transits of 1761 and 1769 as a disciplined army does with parties of raw recruits. It has already been remarked as essential to an accurate deter- mination of the parallax that the various ob- servations and photographs shall be strictly comparable ; that is, that a photograph taken in New Zealand, for instance, shall be in every respect such a photograph as is taken in Japan. To secure this all the members of the observing parties were brought to Washington to practice together last spring. They took all their multitudinous instru- ments and apparatus out of their boxes, mounted them, and proceeded to practice with them in the same way they were to be used at the stations. Photographs of the sun were taken from day to day in the same way they are to be taken on the eventful 8th of December, and care was taken that each chief of party understood all the deli- cate operations necessary to secure the en- tire success of his operations.

One of the first steps taken by the com- mission after its organization was to secure the advice and co-operation of the leading astronomers of the country, and the sugges- tions of all were duly weighed before the plan of operations was finally decided upon.

In consequence the utmost harmony and . good feeling have prevailed among all inter- ested in the observations, and no opposition to the measures finally adopted has been met with from any quarter. One instance of generous devotion to the work is worthy of special note. The most delicate and dif-

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fioult of all the tasks before the commission was that of bringing the photographic ap- paratus into successful operation, putting every part together, making sure that every thing worked properly, and drilling the photographers in the necessary manipula- tions. To do this in the best way required talent and skill in delicate physical manip- ulation whioh it was very hard to com- mand. At length the position of superin- tendent of photographic operations was tendered to Professor Henry Draper, of New Tork, who had proved his skill as a physi- cist by his photographs of the diffraction spectrum, as well as by a great reflecting telescope, which was the work of his own hands. The position was accepted, and the services rendered gratuitously, Dr. Draper not even asking for the refunding of his personal expenses incurred by his numerous Journeys to Washington.

Every thing was got ready in Washing- ton before the end of May, and on Monday, June 8, the United States ship Swatara, Cap- tain Ralph Chandler, U.S.N., sailed with the five parties for the southern stations already described, hoping to reach the last one by the 1st of November. The north- ern parties were sent out to the stations in China, Japan, and Siberia by the Pa- cific Mail Steam-ship line, Professor Hall and party being conveyed from the ter- minus at Nagasaki to Wladiwostok by the United States ship Lackawanna. It was in- tended that these parties should reach their stations three months before the transit.

The question may be asked why so much

pains should be taken to measure the dis- tance of the sun, and whether it makes any difference to mankind what orbit Venus de- scribes. Scientific investigators never in- quire of what use knowledge is ; they leave its practical application to others. But a very little consideration will show that astronomy has, in a merely utilitarian way, paid the world manifold for all the labor spent in learning it. Did it never occur to the reader that it is to Kepler, Newton, and their successors that we owe the means of navigating the ocean in safety f When a ship is out of sight of land there is no way of determining her position except by ob- servations of the heavenly bodies. But ob- servations could not be used for this purpose unless the laws of motion of those bodies had been discovered and taught by mathe- maticians and astronomers. A striking ex- ample of this is fresh in the memory of all. A year and a half ago the splendid steamer City of Washington sailed on her usual voy- age across the ocean, but constant cloudy weather prevented observations to deter- mine her position. In consequence, she was wrecked on the coast of Nova Beotia, and the loss of more property than would pay for all the expenses of observing the trans- it of Venus paid the forfeit for failure to make the necessary observations. A large portion of the labors of astronomers is de- voted to fixing the positions and motions of the stars and planets with continually increasing accuracy, and the observations we have been describing are one step in this work.

Decoi^iye Ah®,

&NDjlto^ITECTUl^ElN ENC(LAtfD. . BY*M. D .

[RMtfc $aptr.]

ANOTHER American artist, and one of whom his country has no less reason to be proud, has adorned his London resi- dence in a way quite notable. The ancient mansion of the Lindsays (300 years old) on the northern bank of the Thames, at Chel- sea, has been divided up into six houses, and one of these has for many years been oc- cupied by Mr. Whistler. This gentleman’s enthusiasm for Japanese and Chinese art is well known ; but that large number of peo- ple who are in the habit of holding up their china plates at dinner as texts from whioh to descant on the strange ignorance of draw- ing, perspective, etc., under which the Chi- nese and Japanese suffer would find good

reason to check their laughter if they should ever be fortunate enough to see Mr. Whist- ler’s drawing-room. The Chinese and Jap- anese have known for a good many centuries certain principles of art which Europeans are only now beginning to recognize ; one of these is that a plate or pot is by no means the proper place for a realistic picture, but, on the contrary, that the only use of art on such an object is to give it spots of color. The chief object is not the picture, but the pot. No people know the laws of perspec- tive better than the Chinese and the Japa- nese, or have greater realistic power. Mr. Whistler has dotted the walls and even the ceiling of his dining-room with the brilliant

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how ever*, by * vkit t<« M'V. beautiful

. .):/■ • ■■ : *\ \' V Mdutre wkicdi one of

jy t: ... :/.f. i 7 ;v 7 ■ , • ' >■ ,7 •>( *W btefc »• arclii tacte

■ ;^C *:?m>rators,

’. CJkmttmvy Towns- • m nd. arranged

■fo \\ J; i > *iou, tll/it

gig; ? m be ncjt.br

i'^i- tofc *# ^fitabfe l For jb^|wy ^ntu3v.^^*fjaip|c ppir-

^41§Hi • -xS.i ■ till#* *■ »m:: *tmvtftees

®gm -A* \ ram* tint

IBBF tfr:'Mr. T*> wnaheud?e

HK. . b\Ji:*K

WBsim .;4^C nml . < famfri# the.

- v^' : v lie, there

HP. i> .^WVV* a glow.

^ 7‘T^

. 4 .is good,' but

checker marks arc not pleasant. Mr. Imu&ea, a Oreek j^kle* man of 3U»mion, atrangpjl a .remarkably bepetifui ball and stairway in bis house at dotting Hill, by train g a plain straw Rioted

taatiixig for the cop tin mms dado, uniting it by an cVodred chair boa riling with a. lights eafoii^I' 3|dHis wall-paper... Of course tiles ^Titetiitka used to make the riadb, tmt- W*Au*eof their common use, JnhoM&r and pttMic bm1dhij^for for Wm, tbey appear with increasing rarity hi private hfwaea in any oilier cutmcHy tbfth that of adorning the firo-pl&w. T1 ii« re> mark #jfes not1 include the use of tibn &* plaque^ to be bung m -works of tine art; ,a use of them which is mm frequent, mid is the means of produeiivg a grpdt deal of beatittful work. t>

it is easy to luuier^tand fUftt the l\vxu& in iviiicb me resides must, have & • large sbftns In dfeteniimibg the decorations which shall be placed in or upon. it. A histone or semi-p«lhtial tnansiqtrbf iAw will

require to hare its great ha lift and stair- ways and deep rooms sllamiuated with col-

iiii

•wujXikx toon&iB-

Japanese tana which now const rtitfe *o large <m element iu the decoration of many tii? an- tiful rooms ; but in hie drawing-room, there are fifteen large panels made of Japanese pic tort's, each :tbmn five tnetby two, These pietnfv^ represent floweiw nf cvei^ hue,, and birib* of many varieties und of the rieiiest plnmage. The -very lustre of-«atqr«. is on eww petal and on every featb^r ; the ey»^ of the birds are as gems fhnt-;^0ii1; .ligtbt., And- their ; fortnons necks atr> painted with 4 liobitt^s which m> fhiropean art. can -nval. There «nv also in the room an aaudent Cbiy 7b/^e eabij^f pagoda 4e$igped

on tte ^ddJftpHh^se cabinet of quaint

oonktTD^ybb^ jifi*!' screenab etc., from

the aarn^ r^fiit, altogrtber making one of the Tnr^t tA^ntifnl f wm$ hrmginable* Mr. Wltjstlet has dune mneb to light up and beaulbifv a sitrivewliht dark staircase lit bis hq)^ by ^iying7>ihe! walla a lemon tint above a dadb of gobb mi which he ba« pamteci butterfli^ i«ueh m adorn the frames of bis ,piciui^s;«nil ppitfttitute the aighatnro of bis worki 1 have become convinced.

DECOBAtlVE A£T AND ABGfnTEervm'M. &S0JU&&.:

mWHn*# OVKH DA1KX

;y0 *v.;‘p ► eight-day and other oh-

^ •■ ~ ' ; • - v ; p •■'• •, jects. The «eda ofthe earvach

^omeiinies very elegantly. But the mokt : I.'r. ‘ . .... .. .._;J.v :*;:nu v:H*Yitni teur.cre /hen in ni ^ ^ the

: ;-^SBB niU,!ywl c^iliUK, wrbirh w*k. plaaiwd i»»

avals aud Apwdr^bv aec<tf dittg to the ■ ^hajus $f the room, Mattie tiir*^ with me- £r dalUbns td\Chj>idsv&nd bcea&iauiil l v with n

^ r7 ,Tfli^frlffWf»^ BBjg|gfe vijrictfa, rer»^itmg;.an cuibimmdie per

somite** or sr^e such mriUer* isi the eenlrc.

. A fevv ot‘ theHH are BtUJ to he aeeii in Lort- * ofw^f ntvK uaikx don:; thtm* is *m

'• - painted by €ipriant I#}; wtleVU£'> $#1*4#

ors, and its large spaces intersected with the t wo drawingrooms posaeR* .very pretty pictorial wi'enn^ Mr, William B. $eott, of anahgenieute of fau-*haped m -:m amenta atfei whose nigral paiuriiigs I iiave fllnvidy f*po- ; plicate foliage, ‘These are oo\y 4 picked kim* add whose occupation it is to study ef~ opt” hi colors, blue amt white f»>T the,Tiio«i tecta of ivriuuneiitatlau, has a. happy iiebt parVproiUiciiig an cheer resembling that bl for hi* taste and .tmi iwhi# r>?kide»ee, iMltv Wt^dg wood* wore, .;

vue ilmiwr, at ChcWou Thb tuauaiou iiier- The plan on which the rooms of large its particular attention, both on its own London lamac® wore ^ origmaily arranged wfl^ account architect urully ? anti for its decora- m unite, entering (me through Another* con- tioiiK, udibd recently. These have been needed by double door# -if the walls were chiet^ dittst himself m cri^r thick enough, so that on great occasions

vying o»;|. riie ^rigioal plan, and mid a oug- they could he ojwmiHi throughout. Oo:>d- gesti ve and, ptupedy speaking, imaginati ve tlmr side ;*>£. tlto-:4ray^ih^^oni» at BeUevne ebavac ter i<v the iwt^ri^rs- The bouae was House are smaller iHfc>ibs)c^^ ih this

huUL it iai fcnM, by the Adhin^e^ the ftfehi- way, imp 0 which is $,v jiitiseiiit need :m a twt& inf tb* s Adfdptd, in the strand, whore library hhlt eVAtUfl^ md, 1

the -Society of Arte hphiiits tjumtiogx (ilia? must' also \*M%m n room.mv ite* ;wail« of appmj&ah in which ia still called : Aflams . vvh'iijhi

Street}, At tliaf tihae^about a ceufury Ago, blealidt take *liape huU cdldqrv Tho. woiKl- deeorivrions in the xmy $£ curved tuonWings work, that is t.o say < the dado, doors, etc.,

‘ 'are. painted Indian ted, with bh^dc or light round the iNtioinn m the sbrbase Und datlo, 5 allow odgiugs ; above thrs the wall is j'hy- were hi ibie P^vuriisly to itnl time the etini by irgjeeii pattern, hut the dppor part etititf? Were gea»‘rt»Uy paneled, hut of this eiirtUce is divided by {minting info

thcjf cvf pftDeling or lioard- paads feet deep by a fool and a half

iug lliviiy to. fin/ hv%ht ' nt- tltroe • fret only*, wide* ■'the «lii* or division between, being at which height- hegau the lath aud piaster Ijalf a foot, -The. ceiling. is* in the i:MitTv1:a waB Along the top edge of this dado— ye^y faint Wd>f wIS* a uarfccr bluh m^oPng •whie.lv 1*.hii!g $\M OViU: ihc Iioight of a chair the coridce (two fei wule) ; (his durkoc dr ipbltv ^iy % i'etf mid bliuy^r* bide of t|n> hky — A&'p filis the

comfortable ter^A room, ^id .nught on joiintcd. |^els, M^jteh tlms rNM^ihle the that d^hdbt U* be iigM ndopted^rau a j opc-MAiigs fur in , abide Oriental

more or less nrnameufhl mdaldingc ', ■ " :• . ■ '• .•■••• __ ; •'.

Tliat mo*? t) aval in Bellevue House 'Trnt^r , , ,. nw/rrii ^hnlrr,- ■urn ;-»■ t «■ ; ^rr,

}« earv^ in wood ami very good, • '•' .;‘

' closely ros<jmbliugr indeed, those ou : : f hi? Invtit opeeitueiis uf Chin Men dale .•’''

niMa^ire. rrhich belongs to the same 'Ll.--L1; — .. ^L:'- — ;=:^._.:.c-...r...rr..:..l.'fi„r^ V..f,.r.- : i •

du.ie — about 5.770. f inuy add here tmwi&rf>Ai£ m^e Wtt^V aocsil -. itot i'thu demand among artistic dh- :• . ^ • " ;; .,V / .

signets for rt rtiiMUTcueo to the bacu« Is shown conn tries. Across these openings a flight . jhy . tiibiicy :wit:Jy •wliiek a of vertflilion birds — Yirginhib ^jghUpg^k^:.;. dkikdr; paper thau that above, with pa^r plumed and wmg*ul by imaginatmid voiTiice, is made to do duty fol it- being evidently e.bosei? tor bright cifecv

A himdivd y^A?5f nga the ball »>£ $ rn.vo ajgaiasftlf& Mbe— i« .i^prcaeiftbd.' The birds wm **$&:& more irirpi>rt art fc purt of the plaib i^-appeat above the eo^rtpc, ahd Stream in and inojr tlecoraXiv^y treated, tbitn ' »tmV pretty initiation mutui the ci uiugvdoci-eas- The* ehtl'tihoe ia fitfe iliviiletl try ibhCtiig- lug irt ^ifce till they nearly disappear. dOi»»*H fipota the halt proper, which is ample TbC chimney-piece of this lie tie room ik vmough la or*?a to piafb Hte stuiragooilwiiy ^ -;

hack, mtd kv give a .eurraspOxhiingl'y vnile Sir E. LimdstvT which I saw amvmg his Apaefe AiioVo oh tlm drh.Viu^l^Irt. landing, sketihO^, except that thejjumbs ww? ^ty - ; 6i\ml in th^ olden time by a ruble, cabinet, atidca. T he white tuarhh: Jambs nnd ariddv

p ttivi'iearffAt# mawtxm 'letLvxru.*. oouSil

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cellenco must be ascribed. They consist of two large rooms and a large mess, all con- tinuous, whose decorations adapt them to any domestic or social purpose whatever. It is an apartment in which the finest com- pany that could be gathered in London w ould feel itself in an atmosphere of refine- ment and taste, aud it is a place to lose one's self in a good book ; it is a place where the mind can equally well find invitation to so- ciety or solitude. Perhaps it is the rich Persian carpet that gives such grace. It is after a pattern two thonsand years old, but which in all that time has never repeated itself, each carpet coming forth with its own tints and shades, and in which every color is tiommnded by a line which mediates between it and the next. It is not stretch- ed up to the w alls and nailed, as if its busi- ness were to conceal something* or us if it were too flimsy to tie still except by force of iron. It is as a large rug laid for comfort on the waxed parquet, which is ready to display more of its own beauty when the proper season arrives. Beginning with this

her pease and potatoes bear graceful blos- soms. And there would appear to l>e some reason in the tendency of her yet higher product, a home, to wear a fitting bloom as the sign of its reality. Such a suggestion is made by the snbdued and delicate tints and tones which here meet the eye. One may have stepped from other houses of this fashionable neighborhood to find here a sweet surprise. There is, then, no absolute and eternal law making if compulsory to se- lect ugly things instead of pretty things. Tinsel is not intrenched in the decalogue. Here is a hall in which gray and brown shades prevail in dado and paper, where a soft light prevails, and the garish light and the noise of the street, can hardly be remem- bered. One may enter the nursery and find the children at play or study amidst walls that bring no shams around their simplici- ty, no finery, but sage-gray and straw-color, setting off well their bright faces and those panels in the book-case which tell the story of Cinderella.

To the suit of drawing-rooms every ex-

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HARPER'S NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

rich carpet, with its sober tints, the eye as- cends to the dado, to the walls, to frieze, cornice, and ceiling, and finds variation at every stage, but no break in the harmony of all. The golden tints in the carpet are more fully represented in the dado, which is of an olive-golden color, with a small turquois line on its comice leading to the main papering. This paper is of a French tapestry pattern, in which the golden thread, which is its basis, weaves in colors that are rich but always subdued, and of every shade. There is no pattern to rivet the eye ; it has no certain relation to the vegetal or floral or animal kingdom. This paper rises to a mo- resque frieze of about one foot in depth, which holds hexagonal medallions contain- ing the ghosts of plants. There is next a cornice of three mouldings, arabesque, Egyptian, and floral, leading to the ceiling, which is covered with paper of a rich creamy color, with very light cross bands passing between figures in which a fertile fancy may trace the decorative symbols of earth, j air, and water in an orb, a butterfly, and certain waving lines. It may be remarked here that it is only on a ceiling that any forms, even in such abstract shapes as these, are admissible. Here they are noticeable only if one is lying flat on one's back and gazing upward, in which case, especially if invalidism be the cause, some outlines of a dreamy kind are not without their value. Moreover, any designs when raised to the ceiling require to be larger than similar ones on the floor or line of the eye, in order that they may be at all similar in effect. The plan of covering or coloring the ceiling has a good foundation in the fact that a mere white wall overhead conveys the sorry impression that the house is left naked in ev- ery comer and spot not likely to be gazed at. The ceiling in Mr. Smalley’s drawing-room exemplifies, however, one important fact: although a mere color placed on a ceiling depresses it, a good pattern has just the contrary effect. By good pattern I mean one that shows a double ground — the lower one being open work, through which a far- ther ground is seen. Mrs. Smalley, whose taste has been the life of the ornamentation of her house, tells me that when this ceiling was being painted the decorated part ap- peared to rise more than a foot higher than the blank part.

The wood used in Mr. Smalley’s drawing- room is ebonized, and of it are several cabin- ets— one displaying some fine specimens of ohina — bracket - shelves, and two remark- ably beautiful chimney-pieces supporting beveled mirrors, framed with shelves which display porcelain and other ornaments. The recess which has been mentioned is what might be better understood, perhaps, if de- scribed as a bay-window. Its chief object

to hold a large window, in five contiguous

sections, which admit a toned light, and have each a cluster of sunflowers at the centre. This little room has a broad divan covered with stamped green (Utrecht) vel- vet running aronnd, and its wall is deco- rated with gold-tinted leather, on which are two bright tile ornaments. The large open- ing into this recess is adorned by two an- tique bronze reliefs of great beauty, and the whole is related to the drawing-rooms by an open drapery of greenish-golden curtains — a velvet of changeable lustre — uniform with the other hangings of these beautiful rooms.

It is remarkable, indeed, how much may be accomplished with rooms inferior in size to those we have been visiting by the skill- ful use of curtains. If a gentleman in Lon- don enters a house with the intention of decorating it in accordance with principles of art, his first work, probably, will be to tear away folding -doors, or single doors, which divide the drawing-room. For these he will substitute a draping, which, having in itself an artistic effect, shall make what was a barrier into beauty. Nothing is bet- ter understood than that no square angles should divide a drawing-room, and the cur- tain is more graceful than any arch or archi- traves for that purpose. The accompany- ing sketch may convey some idea of an effect which has been secured in Townsend House, Titchfield Terrace, residence of the distin- guished artist Mr. Alma Tadema, though the impression can be but feeble on account of the exquisite use he has made of the colors, which must be left to the reader’s imagina- tion, with a warning that they are as quiet as they are rich.

The question as to the best color for a wall one of whose chief objects is to show off framed pictures is a vexed one. Messrs. Christie and Co., the famous art auctioneers, have their rooms hung with dark green baize from floor to sky-light, and certainly the result justifies their experience ; but I think any one who enters the hall of Mr. F. Leighton, R.A., will see that there may be a more effective wall color to set off pic- tures than green, not to speak of certain other effects of the latter which really put it out of the question. It is difficult to say just what the color in Mr. Leighton’s hall is. It is a sombre red, which at one moment seems to be toned in the direction of ma- roon, and at another in the direction of brown. It has been made by a very fine mingling of pigments; bat the general re- sult has been to convince me that there can be no better wall for showing off pictures, especially in a hall with a good deal of light, than this unobtrusive reddish-brown. I remember that when the Boston Theatre was first opened a wall of somewhat similar color added greatly to the -brilliancy of the scenery. But there are many eyes to which this would not be a pleasing color or shade

Digitized by

Gck igle

Original from

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

DECORATIVE ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN ENGLAND.

•••• . '

shows plainly that Mr. George Aitcbison has not only been in classic regions, but im- bibed their spirit. In this house, which ho has built for the artist who beyond all academicians displays the most sensitive sympathies with various styles, there is nothing foreign, and yet the whole feeling about i t is classic. The little balcony w ould have done for the sweet lady of Verona, aud yet there is as much of Bhakspearo’s En- gland in the substantial arches ut the base of tbe wall. It is rare, indeed, that any house built in England in recent times has about it as much elegance and simplicity as

even for a hall — it would hardly he beauti- ful in a purely domestic room — and such will do well to try some of the many beau- tiful shades of olive or sage-gray. Mr. VV. J. Hennessy, the eminent American artist, baa made his house in Douro Place remark- ably charming by a careful use of such shades throughout. His quiet rooms are restful as they are pervaded by refinement, and each frame on the walls has a perfect relief, each picture a full glow.

The house of Mr. Leighton, in Holland Park Road, is, in the first place, a remark- ably interesting house architecturally, and

HARPER'S NEW MONTHLY MAOAZINEi

L+ ' ‘ W#?8*** tct tte &a-

tXiUJCC th&.v&s-

J^s fcibule into thfe hall

gSSk tliia, at*i* .topgma'-W.

Bp9& ascend bey</tid

white SW

$&g||g and

•••^ second of ihc.Wi pil-

f i; larn there is « little

i$| *’•*£$& A VjaI^>nyr yatK)nt • as

^ M $b'OYQ the floor

as-.onjjBte head. On ex- fp j |/.m^ . . ;••>••; ‘‘ •' 'itriinntkvn it. is found

*h»fc this kalonny *8

inado nr of an inlaid a cabinet chest, tht> top

^ & vnfl ftitker si4o of

'^p which .have been ' jr^-

‘-.yfor These

nishiuna

* ' J||k vV^ various 4*Jh

Auto tint* upon a Agro (nation* o]iv# aaffri

W Jfi by Miss Ji ?kylt&»4tte

little balcony, with atvtty ornament* mi At here and there, be- comes & matn ientnte bf the hall, There an? ghverul other piercer of Miss Jekyf 8 wotk Ur tile honsef otto of the: •hew- ing; a red fcutfl^^h'dh *n the dt&ing-orootu, upon which $*e hm worked fees* fibres of pots, aboKO flower* : ocmyefge toward the centre. This voter ;ia >ypprop date to the red color which: |ireimi|S;lo.;tJio diningroom —a color which X do not much Ulce ia a d jnin^topui, though her e it well set* Off the kmge #>bhjtead and ial&M sfrM>o&r*L winch b? odbiimd wjtb a gtcrtt, deal of the finest Kttmibin pdreotoim Mn LeVghton *m return- ing frum W« recent xi*U fr> the East brought bimk a whole treasury jbf china and tiles,, Mud fyu hm ?ddo brocghl frumEgypt & large maidicr of beautiful arabesque mouldings, with which he isuiuik frig anEgyptiaa room. Mr. Dillon, an artist, bus for some time hod ii «tq.iio In which every article came frony #ven to the inscription from t he Eo- nu?. (Sura t»3) /which ruakes its IVieae^-

v*V By Uu? hdgMn^ of the wnrj wUS# tie fmngtb, ^5r !he liioon whpn e*,ho folio v/eth birp^ etc.

Mr. iA'igh ton’s chief rrnfiw is his studio; if to vers more than half of the whole araa ’of'/ the i/>p floor oi‘ the houpo. The walls are liuug with stuffs from many ^ubtSrii^^tAp- 08t>rie»A nigs, nncieht Japanese frill from the »y>rhi^ to the Ikn^r/ Them are some flue elmpited bock-eas^ UJol .cob- mets. deaigoed by Mr/ AitchLvm and Mr, Leighton fogo'feher. ThJ> fWbf is anang^d with sky-lights and sliding curtains ed1 van- <W desoripttoaax so tfmt tiie-ro is no kind of

tliisS Katfcring the House, (he ixoprt^uu epnrcycd at once is that it is the reaidence of mi ari ^k lie hm hutplnyod dccomfors, iudeed, hut fie over t hoot, .and

lie has &*.%&& iihst thm—that them is nothing ugly in. his housed A great merit! >fariy p>oms Tipcm which jArge. .^tinis. have

h^n, tav&h^fi haVW «<imetliing lugged in that mnic^si >11 the 4jppegr t^lgitr bhr prctpiiticjus; Ii la n large part of tho urt of derofiition fa know tHtai mo? to have m » house. In itda Hubse fa ojso realiacd the ri^xih of thu old ^riyiich wtifr

c*utt imwmp ^?pr

itf»? of deal, a rich btoek paint ^

gtthotid^ina spre^- ing gulden toot, from which mlris h stem with leaver ; half-way up fchfj stem owta in the profile of a ^uttflotrer in gdlff

r _ .

stem. • theiA'^aaa^' bp* shding; hi tfrh full tape of the stuuh>w'er.yyhirh at nucn omwits the foliation nud mahr>e

cfltnament tbt ;;thp capping the which

als<i ha^> a v.entiuJ golflm priia t«eitfc: Tliia black door, with itb black Jambo nsid Us golden . .tterw^ other doom to

other . coui^jafionijyi' "ibftlis, has an citceed- ingl j ridh 4>ifeet, Tb# hail also \wam witv- »eeS, notwithstaiiding its mosaic floors, mat* qaet. eliatrs, and the grand old stairway that

runs with i t to the tojp of the frfruoc^ thh t m&. wealth of knowledge anil e^perieoeie has florae mote for it thae riehaH of a more |mv sale kisvi. tbcmgli theiv has been no stint of the latter. Ons thing in the hall struck me a* especially ingenious, and at Um siUne

ing-jfo*>T& ooflfew which

no doubt will 4&y fee tinted * at pres- ent it hm&m I# noai mouldings? which above the fety-wjudaw gather Mil a ftmwnbpjc- turt\ by Delti^ivds, bKnd iii the ceil-

ing. It fe l^ntifu^ imt x eoaid not Jbajp Raffling .that some pfiiut ing by another

artist might trail fc* eahstHut^d, and the Delacroix placed uon the line*” There is suspended » very rich central candelabrum of y^^^gl&odija

are &tibg with cigar-tinted ; t h <»•;*•••

iiied jimtr-4* *4fir «|>ot6, benea- '

of iieh-bltwr i« $fecloaed for i%? rt'jj&ibl&i a yard fedvmof tbj& wall and the fe%ht TV*-

Hiun carpet.

lUttH the houses which d<yv

unttol in Louden great nee Vii-ipfe of Tbctilfts which m» fluiitpaferfl tid fWs oh#*uu of artiste arc the aid u\

queatlr fcavn been noarty up, . A ■

uiugfe opt Dutch file, nm-de

hardly eo$£ more than a si >\ d j / <U eag*tf putch^rs at sipmmd, Ifci* a mngiv lar fact tbafcx^ imitate

Persian and jjgypttau but have still ■to. send itl Botiaud to get any thing resem- bling the bid £t\\ fcchy an d even thenv they can vhUim hut aw approach to the rich col- oring and ^tiArtw designs of old times. Mf v 8to\}^ni»on obtained a largo sumd>er ofttieise old tilea, wMeh when put together formed larger pfetoitt* £ but several of them wfciiV

worn on the hihhrst? He had jpgs made tfirnh, at uuy rate* completed the pieuvr^, and though the new ones were carefully made, they way ^ easily picked mit from the efjL Th*m life pi citato ha ve hemi. pinned % Air. Stevenson cm the side 04* a - fejula from the street ;i 5^? . . : Ut h is beautiful resi-

dence in Bgyswater. Inside oF this hofi*^ there aro taany beautiful thiogSy but it is chfefty fe tl ** admirable rnan- 0i'> lii^.^d-flpor and that ^-r- ? '»?Eitiuiiip.n; to both— w hfeji act* with tiles, efeeUy which are built

iinui /I i> ':i- ;<< '•*• i f i i ,• j . hi the children^ <r.ebmd*W4on tJarf^ i#- a> » r fuuucy -piece 'cdy~ M>f\ with Vfifi f^il Uty*- lepresenfing most iprrj joti f :dl the tfWtefc Bcems? in the

Bibfe, r\-hiiih vm^d 1m* a ..source- of cuillesK ai5iUf*v.mvui to itfe liltiii nueei The fmefit. ih^tjrUh ffe tlf^ 1 have «ean in l»»m-

<{; n v:«.* ;• ' ■ Morrw .atid IJo.;

who^e pictui^S) )^»w*;vcrt are open ^ heon- fiAit .tiiai-otio.disUkea to hoc them oniament'- log drerphuv^. NoVeribeif^ the grata -add i te o^ogainidttai aiie of

iserious importance in every roorjiy uud ts vviitk thinngh the nst fthlisbmcnt <if Messrs Boyfl, in Oxionl BtreetT will show that the u n juihing «3nginne^sJ, have nut beco iKjJiirid- hiUid in presiding stoves, tile^ and grates that iu&y lie adapted to any variety of dec-

	DECOKATltTp, AST AND ARCHITECTUBS IN ENGLAND.	43
ligljt Of *$ not »h|<> tc	wteev^r that t,h^ artist is ' bring npdit hijft work. The draw-	wanting, and 60 bad to make what those he pna^e^d ayimxtb	fesigjw? of d W imply

'l ' 'Origin^ ffrem

ERSITY OF MICH

HAEPEiPS SEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE.

voyvfy HU AT*

um unsuiited fbr-.tJw putpoftea of a refitted decoration of almost any that being

an baiitatiau of w|oare trenj^-wcrk; with & bird fitting